Oxidative stress induced by 2,4‐phenoxyacetic acid in liver of female rats and their progeny: Biochemical and histopathological studies

Abstract

The 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was used in agriculture as an herbicide in many countries including Tunisia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 2,4-D on liver function of adult rats and their progeny. Female Wistar rats were divided into two groups: the controls and the treated rats which received 600 ppm of 2,4-D in their drinking water from the 14th day of pregnancy until day 14 after delivery. In 2,4-D group, a significant decrease in body weight of pups was noted, when compared to controls. Liver antioxidant enzyme activities, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) decreased, while malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased in dams and pups. Moreover, plasma aminotransferases (ALT, AST), gamma glutamil transpeptidase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), bilirubin and albumin levels were increased significantly. The biochemical modifications were correlated with histopathological studies. We concluded that 2,4-D induced hepatotoxicity in adult and suckling rats.

New food from a potato somatic hybrid: nutritional equivalence and safety assessment by a feeding study on rats

“…These organs presented a normal size in each test group of rats fed with potatoes even though minor histopathological findings in the liver of rats fed diet with hybrid tubers were observed. They were considered accidental, since they can be sporadically found in other rat groups and there was no relevance with biochemical parameters or any other clinical findings. Moreover, minor histopathological findings were not considered as related to treatment when no other relevant parameters were measured .…”

“…After decapitation of rats, liver, kidneys, pancreas and spleen were excised and weighed. Samples from each organ were fixed in buffered formalin solution for histological processing . They were processed in a series of ethanol solutions and embedded in paraffin.…”

“…Samples from each organ were fixed in buffered formalin solution for histological processing. 29 They were processed in a series of ethanol solutions and embedded in paraffin. Blocks were sliced into sections of 4-5 μm thickness and were stained with haematoxylin-eosin for light microscopy examination of liver, kidneys and pancreas.…”

Oat Protects against Diabetic Nephropathy in Rats via Attenuating Advanced Glycation End Products and Nuclear Factor Kappa B

“…The 24 h urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) was calculated as UAER ( μ g 24 h − 1) = urinary albumin ( μ g mL −1 ) × 24 h urine volume (mL). Cr clearance (Ccr) was calculated using the following equation: Ccr (mL min −1  kg −1 ) = [urinary Cr (mg dL −1 ) × urinary volume (mL)/serum Cr (mg dL −1 )] × [1000/body weight (g)] × [1/1440 (min)] [31]. …”

Pesticides and Herbicides

“…Treatment of anilofos (1.25, 2.5, and 5 mg/L) affected growth, photosynthetic pigments, photosynthesis, and respiration of the cyanobacterium and decreased photosynthetic O 2 evolution by 57%. The effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on liver function of adult rats and their progenywere studied using female Wistar rats(Troudi et al, 2012).A significant decrease in the body weight of pups was noted for rats fed water with 2,4-D compared to the control group, and liver antioxidant enzyme activities decreased in both dams and pups indicating that 2,4-D induced hepatotoxicity in adult and suckling rats. Uggini et al (2012) compared the developmental toxicity of a combination of chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin vs. spinosad alone using in ovo treatment of fertilized Rhode Island Red eggs.…”