Oxidative stress index can be a new marker related to disease severity in COVID-19

Doğan, Serdar; Bal, Tayibe; Çabalak, Mehmet; Dikmen, Nursel; Yaqoobi, Hasibullah; Özcan, Oğuzhan

doi:10.1515/tjb-2021-0013

Cited by 16 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…These results indicate that IDO activity and the TRYCAT pathway are upregulated in COVID-19 and that it predicts critical disease and non-survival. The most probable cause of IDO enzyme activation in COVID-19 is the increased level of proin ammatory cytokines including IFN-γ, IL-1β and IL-6 [53,54] and activated oxidative stress pathways [55], which both potently stimulate IDO [25,56].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The tryptophan catabolite or kynurenine pathway in COVID-19 and critical COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Almulla

Supasitthumrong

Tunvirachaisakul

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is accompanied by activated immune-inflammatory pathways and oxidative stress, which both may induce indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), a key enzyme of the tryptophan (TRP) catabolite (TRYCAT) pathway. The aim of the current study was to systematically review and meta-analyze the TRYCAT pathway status including levels of TRP and kynurenine (KYN) and IDO activity, as assessed using the KYN/TRP ratio. Methods: This systematic review was performed in December 2021 and searched data in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of sciences. In our meta-analysis we included 14 articles which examine TRP and TRYCATs in COVID-19 patients versus non-COVID-19 controls, and severe/critical versus mild/moderate COVID-19. Overall, the analysis was performed on 1269 individuals, namely 794 COVID-19 patients and 475 controls. Results: The results show a significant (p <0.0001) increase in the KYN/TRP ratio (standardized mean difference, SMD=1.099, 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.714; 1.484) and KYN (SMD= 1.123, 95% CI: 0.730;1.516) and significantly lower TRP ((SMD= -1.002, 95%CI: -1.738; -0.266) in COVID-19 versus controls. The KYN/TRP ratio (SMD= 0.945, 95%CI: 0.629; 1.262) and KYN (SMD= 0.806, 95%CI: 0.462; 1.149) were also significantly (p <0.001) higher and TRP lower (SMD= -0.909, 95% CI: -1.569; -0.249) in severe/critical versus mild/moderate COVID-19. No significant difference was detected in the kynurenic acid (KA)/KYN ratio and KA between COVID-19 patients and controls. Conclusions: Our results indicate increased activity of the IDO enzyme in COVID-19 and in severe/critical patients. The TRYCAT pathway is probably implicated in the pathophysiology and progression of COVID-19 and may signal a worse outcome of the disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The tryptophan catabolite or kynurenine pathway in COVID-19 and critical COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Almulla

Supasitthumrong

Tunvirachaisakul

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…There is evidence of a link between decreased expression of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) in the lungs of elderly patients with COVID-19 and disease severity [83]. In addition, a low level of glutathione (GSH) and downregulation of glutathione peroxidase (GPX4) gene expression in SARS-CoV-2 infection was found [52,[84][85][86][87]. In detail, in the RBCs from COVID-19 patients, Thomas et al identified a high level of the end product of the PPP that suggests a high degree of oxidative stress also evidenced by an increase in oxidized glutathione (GSSG) [24].…”

Section: Hemolysis and Oxidative Stress In Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under low oxygen saturation intra-erythrocyte, NO can also react with deoxyhemoglobin generating nitrosyl Hb. NO levels are significantly reduced in COVID-19 patients: this is likely related to vascular dysfunction and inflammation [87,88]. Although SARS-CoV-2, mainly infects the cells of the bronchial epithelium and pulmonary, residual viral particles have also been found in endothelial cells, leading to apoptosis and endothelial decrease in NO [78,93].…”

Section: Intra and Extra-erythrocytic No Levels In Covid-19 Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implication of COVID-19 on Erythrocytes Functionality: Red Blood Cell Biochemical Implications and Morpho-Functional Aspects

Russo¹,

Tellone

Barreca

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Several diseases (such as diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders) affect the morpho-functional aspects of red blood cells, sometimes altering their normal metabolism. In this review, the hematological changes are evaluated, with particular focus on the morphology and metabolic aspects of erythrocytes. Changes in the functionality of such cells may, in fact, help provide important information about disease severity and progression. The viral infection causes significant damage to the blood cells that are altered in size, rigidity, and distribution width. Lower levels of hemoglobin and anemia have been reported in several studies, and an alteration in the concentration of antioxidant enzymes has been shown to promote a dangerous state of oxidative stress in red blood cells. Patients with severe COVID-19 showed an increase in hematological changes, indicating a progressive worsening as COVID-19 severity progressed. Therefore, monitored hematological alterations in patients with COVID-19 may play an important role in the management of the disease and prevent the risk of a severe course of the disease. Finally, monitored changes in erythrocytes and blood, in general, may be one of the causes of the condition known as Long COVID.

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“…This association has previously been established [ 29 , 30 ] together with elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines in such cases [ 31 ]. These two; elevated proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress, have been implicated in pathophysiological events in non-communicable diseases [ 32 – 34 ] and communicable diseases [ 35 – 37 ] as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative stress and associated clinical manifestations in malaria and sickle cell (HbSS) comorbidity

et al. 2022

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In Ghana, uncomplicated malaria and sickle cell disease (SCD) is common, hence comorbidity is not farfetched. However, the extent of oxidative stress and the array of clinical manifestations in this comorbidity (presence of both malaria and SCD) has not been fully explored. This study highlights the impact of uncomplicated malaria on SCD. The level of isoprostane, 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) was used to assess oxidative stress while plasma biochemistry and urinalysis was used to assess renal function. Hematological profiling was also done to assess the impact of comorbidity on the hematological cell lines. Of the 411 study participants with malaria, 45 (11%) had SCD. Mean body temperature was significantly higher in comorbidity compared to malaria and SCD cohorts, while a lower parasite density range was obtained in comorbidity compared to malaria cohorts. Furthermore, in comorbidity, the 8-iso-PGF2α oxidative stress biomarker was significantly elevated in all ages, parasite density ranges and gender groups. Comorbidity affected both leukocytic and erythrocytic cell lines with significant eosinophilia and monocytosis coexisting with erythrocytic parameters consistent with severe anemia. Biochemically, while plasma creatinine and bilirubin were significantly elevated in comorbidity, spot urinary creatinine was significantly reduced. Additionally, urine samples in the comorbid state were slightly acidic and hypersthenuric with significant hematuria, proteinuria, and bilirubinemia. Finally, 80% or more malaria-SCD presented with chills, fever, anorexia, headache, joint pains, lethargy, and vomiting. In conclusion, malaria could induce vaso-occlusive crisis in sickle cell disease, therefore, prompt management will alleviate the severity of this comorbidity.

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Oxidative stress index can be a new marker related to disease severity in COVID-19

Cited by 16 publications

References 24 publications

The tryptophan catabolite or kynurenine pathway in COVID-19 and critical COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The tryptophan catabolite or kynurenine pathway in COVID-19 and critical COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Implication of COVID-19 on Erythrocytes Functionality: Red Blood Cell Biochemical Implications and Morpho-Functional Aspects

Oxidative stress and associated clinical manifestations in malaria and sickle cell (HbSS) comorbidity

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