Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetes: The Case for Future Pediatric Redoxomics Studies

Abstract

Considerable evidence supports the role of oxidative stress in adult type 2 diabetes (T2D). Due to increasing rates of pediatric obesity, lack of physical activity, and consumption of excess food calories, it is projected that the number of children living with insulin resistance, prediabetes, and T2D will markedly increase with enormous worldwide economic costs. Understanding the factors contributing to oxidative stress and T2D risk may help develop optimal early intervention strategies. Evidence suggests that oxidative stress, triggered by excess dietary fat consumption, causes excess mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide emission in skeletal muscle, alters redox status, and promotes insulin resistance leading to T2D. The pathophysiological events arising from excess calorie-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production are complex and not yet investigated in children. Systems medicine is an integrative approach leveraging conventional medical information and environmental factors with data obtained from “omics” technologies such as genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. In adults with T2D, systems medicine shows promise in risk assessment and predicting drug response. Redoxomics is a branch of systems medicine focusing on “omics” data related to redox status. Systems medicine with a complementary emphasis on redoxomics can potentially optimize future healthcare strategies for adults and children with T2D.

Kidney Bean Substitution Ameliorates the Nutritional Quality of Extruded Purple Sweet Potatoes: Evaluation of Chemical Composition, Glycemic Index, and Antioxidant Capacity

“…A high glycemic index (GI) diet with poor fiber and other essential nutrients may lead to a high risk of diabetes [ 2 ]. In addition, stress-oxidative and low physical activities could speed up the path to diabetes [ 3 ]. Many efforts have been made to slow down those processes.…”

“…Purple sweet potato ( Ipomoea batatas L.) is a tropical root that is easily cultivated and contains a significant amount of fiber (2.3–3.9%) with a low-medium GI (54–68) and strong antioxidant activity (IC 50 65.35 ppm) that might be beneficial in preventing diabetes and other non-communicable diseases [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Among other sweet potatoes, the deep purple sweet potato has the highest anthocyanin and antioxidant capacity [ 5 ].…”

The Role of Natural Factors that Optimize Redox Status in Combating Type 2 Diabetes

“…Considering the large number of individuals that have undiagnosed prediabetes or T2D, a "blanket" implementation of OptRedox must be justified by evidence-based medicine. Moreover, some individuals are likely at high risk for OxS-driven T2D, and a systems medicine approach with a complementary emphasis on redoxomics might identify such individuals and predict if they could be responders to OptRedox or other medical treatments [9]. Before detailing the natural OptRedox factors for combating T2D, we will first summarize the dynamic involvement of OxS in T2D pathogenesis.…”

Antioxidant, Hypoglycemic, Antilipidemic, and Protective Effect of Polyherbal Emulsion (F6-SMONSECCE) on Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

“…Oxidative stress, obesity, lack of exercise, and inheritance are among the environmental and lifestyle factors that influence the onset of Type 1 and 2 diabetes . The chronic outcome of diabetes disrupts glucose, protein, and lipid metabolism and thus results in persistent hyperglycemia and irregularities of the lipid profile …”