Oxidative Stress in Toxicology: Established Mammalian and Emerging Piscine Model Systems

Kelly, Sue; Havrilla, Christine M.; Brady, Todd C.; Abramo, Kimberly Harris; Levin, Edward D.

doi:10.2307/3434064

Cited by 103 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The present results showed that the mechanisms of apoptosis in fish erythrocytes were similar to those in mammal erythrocytes and nucleated cells. It has been demonstrated that the mechanisms of oxidative stress in fish cells are similar to those in mammal cells [31,[39][40][41]. Moreover, as the mammal erythrocytes, fish erythrocytes contain the high concentrations of Hb that transports O 2 and CO 2 for respiration and continuously produce ROS [24,30].…”

Section: • Oh-induced Apoptosis In Fish Erythrocytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The metabolites of glutamine prevent hydroxyl radical-induced apoptosis through inhibiting mitochondria and calcium ion involved pathways in fish erythrocytes

Jiang

Liu

et al. 2016

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

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a b s t r a c tThe present study explored the apoptosis pathways in hydroxyl radicals ( • OH)-induced carp erythrocytes. Carp erythrocytes were treated with the caspase inhibitors in physiological carp saline (PCS) or Ca 2 þ -free PCS in the presence of 40 μM FeSO 4 /20 μM H 2 O 2 . The results showed that the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the release of cytochrome c and DNA fragmentation were caspase-dependent, and Ca 2 þ was involved in calpain activation and phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure in • OH-induced carp erythrocytes. Moreover, the results suggested that caspases were involved in PS exposure, and Ca 2 þ was involved in DNA fragmentation in • OH-induced fish erythrocytes. These results demonstrated that there might be two apoptosis pathways in fish erythrocytes, one is the caspase and cytochrome c-dependent apoptosis that is similar to that in mammal nucleated cells, the other is the Ca 2 þ -involved apoptosis that was similar to that in mammal non-nucleated erythrocytes. So, fish erythrocytes may be used as a model for studying oxidative stress and apoptosis in mammal cells. Furthermore, the present study investigated the effects of glutamine (Gln)'s metabolites [alanine (Ala), citrulline (Cit), proline (Pro) and their combination (Ala 10 Pro 4 Cit 1 )] on the pathways of apoptosis in fish erythrocytes. The results displayed that Ala, Cit, Pro and Ala 10 Pro 4 Cit 1 effectively suppressed ROS generation, cytochrome c release, activation of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 at the physiological concentrations, prevented Ca 2 þ influx, calpain activation, PS exposure, DNA fragmentation and the degradation of the cytoskeleton and oxidation of membrane and hemoglobin (Hb) and increased activity of anti-hydroxyl radical (AHR) in • OH-induced carp erythrocytes. Ala 10 Pro 4 Cit 1 produced a synergistic effect of inhibited oxidative stress and apoptosis in fish erythrocytes. These results demonstrated that Ala, Cit, Pro and their combination can protect mammal erythrocytes and nucleated cells against oxidative stress and apoptosis. The studies supported the use of Gln, Ala, Cit and Pro as oxidative stress and apoptosis inhibitors in mammal cells and the hypothesis that the inhibited effects of Gln on oxidative stress and apoptosis are at least partly dependent on that of its metabolites in mammalian.

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Section: • Oh-induced Apoptosis In Fish Erythrocytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…caspase-3) that results in nucleus DNA fragmentation (a biomarker of apoptosis) in mammal nucleated cells [36][37][38]. It has been reported that the mechanisms of antioxidant defences in fish cells are similar to those in mammal nucleated cells [39][40][41]. However, the pathways of apoptosis still remains unknown in fish erythrocytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The metabolites of glutamine prevent hydroxyl radical-induced apoptosis through inhibiting mitochondria and calcium ion involved pathways in fish erythrocytes

Jiang

Liu

et al. 2016

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

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“…Since then, use of isolated hepatocytes has provided an ideal system for evaluating many aspects of hepatic metabolism, including biochemical and cellular processes involved in the activation of toxic chemicals and environmental pollutants (Berry et al 1991;Baksi and Frazier 1990;Guillouzo 1998;Kelly et al 1998;Moon et al 1965;Rogiers et al 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of the isolation and cultivation of Cyprinus carpio primary hepatocytes

Yang¹,

He²,

Liu³

et al. 2008

Cytotechnology

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The aquatic environment is affected by numerous chemical contaminants. There is an increasing need to identify these chemicals and to evaluate their potential toxicity towards aquatic life. In this research we optimized techniques for primary cell culture of Cyprinus carpio hepatocytes as one adjunct model for ecotoxicological evaluation of the potential hazards of xenobiotics in the aquatic environment. In this study, Cyprinus carpio hepatocytes were isolated by mechanical separation, two-step collagenase perfusion, and pancreatin digestion. The hepatocytes or parenchymal cells could be separated from cell debris and from non-parenchymal cells by low-speed centrifugation (Percoll gradient centrifugation). The harvested hepatocytes were suspended in DMEM, M199 (cultured in 5% CO 2 ), or L-15 (cultured without 5% CO 2 ) medium then cultured at 17, 27, or 37°C. Cell yield was counted by use of a hemocytometer, and the viability of the cells was assessed by use of the Trypan blue exclusion test. Results from these studies showed that the best method of isolation was pancreatin digestion (the cell yield was 2.7 9 10 8 per g (liver weight) and the viability was 98.4%) and the best medium was M199 (cultured in 5% CO 2 ) or L-15 (cultured without 5% CO 2 ). The optimum culture temperature was 27°C. The primary hepatocytes culture of Cyprimus carpio grew well and satisfied requirements for most toxicological experiments in this condition.

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“…Reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione disulphide (GSSG) play a key role in non-enzymatic antioxidant defence. Metalbinding proteins such as ferritin, ceruloplasmin, and metallothioneins (MTs) have special functions in the detoxification of toxic metals, and also play a role in the metabolism and homeostasis of essential metals (Kelly et al, 1998).…”

Section: Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metals as a cause of oxidative stress in fish: a review

Ševčíková¹,

Modrá²,

Slaninova³

et al. 2011

Vet. Med.

313

123

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ABSTRACT:This review summarizes the current knowledge on the contribution of metals to the development of oxidative stress in fish. Metals are important inducers of oxidative stress in aquatic organisms, promoting formation of reactive oxygen species through two mechanisms. Redox active metals generate reactive oxygen species through redox cycling, while metals without redox potential impair antioxidant defences, especially that of thiol-containing antioxidants and enzymes. Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species lead to oxidative damage including lipid peroxidation, protein and DNA oxidation, and enzyme inactivation. Antioxidant defences include the enzyme system and low molecular weight antioxidants. Metal-binding proteins, such as ferritin, ceruloplasmin and metallothioneins, have special functions in the detoxification of toxic metals and also play a role in the metabolism and homeostasis of essential metals. Recent studies of metallothioneins as biomarkers indicate that quantitative analysis of mRNA expression of metallothionein genes can be appropriate in cases with elevated levels of metals and no evidence of oxidative damage in fish tissue. Components of the antioxidant defence are used as biochemical markers of oxidative stress. These markers may be manifested differently in the field than in results found in laboratory studies. A complex approach should be taken in field studies of metal contamination of the aquatic environment. Keywords: ROS; metallothioneins; glutathion; superoxide dismutase; antioxidant defenceList of abbreviations ALA-D = aminolevulinic acid dehydratase; BNF = β-naphthoflavone; CAT = catalase; GPx = glutathione peroxidise; GR = glutathione reductase; GSH = glutathione; GSSG = glutathione disulphide; GST = glutathione S-transferase; LPO = lipid peroxidation; MDA = malondialdehyde; MTs = metallothioneins; NADPH = nicotinamidadeninedinucleotide phosphate (reduced); ROS = reactive oxygen species; SOD = superoxide dismutase

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Oxidative Stress in Toxicology: Established Mammalian and Emerging Piscine Model Systems

Cited by 103 publications

References 16 publications

The metabolites of glutamine prevent hydroxyl radical-induced apoptosis through inhibiting mitochondria and calcium ion involved pathways in fish erythrocytes

The metabolites of glutamine prevent hydroxyl radical-induced apoptosis through inhibiting mitochondria and calcium ion involved pathways in fish erythrocytes

Optimization of the isolation and cultivation of Cyprinus carpio primary hepatocytes

Metals as a cause of oxidative stress in fish: a review

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