Oxidative Stress in Sharks and Rays

López-Cruz, Roberto I.; Dafre, Alcir Luiz; Filho, Danilo Wilhelm

doi:10.1002/9781444345988.ch11

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Moreover, a significant pattern towards decreasing CAT, GPx, and aconitase levels was detected in the gills under elevated CO 2 conditions. When sharks experience high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), gill diffusion rates increase in order to remove excess ROS (López-Cruz et al 2012). Thus, this decrease in H 2 O 2 could lead to decreased antioxidant enzymatic response, as observed in the present study, i.e., decreased GPx and CAT levels (Filho and Boveris 1993;López-Cruz et al 2012;Rudneva 1997).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…When sharks experience high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), gill diffusion rates increase in order to remove excess ROS (López-Cruz et al 2012). Thus, this decrease in H 2 O 2 could lead to decreased antioxidant enzymatic response, as observed in the present study, i.e., decreased GPx and CAT levels (Filho and Boveris 1993;López-Cruz et al 2012;Rudneva 1997). Gills are also known to accumulate high levels of urea (Wood et al 2013); therefore, naturally occurring levels may have been sufficient to prevent damage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Long-lived species, such as most sharks, typically display comparatively lower ROS formation that shorter-lived species, presumably to prevent constant detoxification and repairing actions, and insufficient energetic expenditure (Pamplona and Constantini 2011). Sharks also possess specialized compensatory mechanisms that prevent oxidative damage, e.g., direct diffusion of excess ROS through the gills (López-Cruz et al 2012). Notwithstanding, resistance to oxidative stress in C. plagiosum seems to be strongly underpinned by the mainly molecular-based (i.e., urea, ascorbic acid) antioxidant system (Rudneva 1997) and its capacity to eradicate ROS and prevent cellular damage (Rudneva 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Absence of cellular damage in tropical newly hatched sharks (Chiloscyllium plagiosum) under ocean acidification conditions

Lopes

Sampaio

Santos

et al. 2018

Cell Stress and Chaperones

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Sharks have maintained a key role in marine food webs for 400 million years and across varying physicochemical contexts, suggesting plasticity to environmental change. In this study, we investigated the biochemical effects of ocean acidification (OA) levels predicted for 2100 (pCO ~ 900 μatm) on newly hatched tropical whitespotted bamboo sharks (Chiloscyllium plagiosum). Specifically, we measured lipid, protein, and DNA damage levels, as well as changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes and non-enzymatic ROS scavengers in juvenile sharks exposed to elevated CO for 50 days following hatching. Moreover, we also assessed the secondary oxidative stress response, i.e., heat shock response and ubiquitin levels. Newly hatched sharks appear to cope with OA-related stress through a range of tissue-specific biochemical strategies, specifically through the action of antioxidant enzymatic compounds. Our findings suggest that ROS-scavenging molecules, rather than complex enzymatic proteins, provide an effective defense mechanism in dealing with OA-elicited ROS formation. We argue that sharks' ancient antioxidant system, strongly based on non-enzymatic antioxidants (e.g., urea), may provide them with resilience towards OA, potentially beyond the tolerance of more recently evolved species, i.e., teleosts. Nevertheless, previous research has provided evidence of detrimental effects of OA (interacting with other climate-related stressors) on some aspects of shark biology. Moreover, given that long-term acclimation and adaptive potential to rapid environmental changes are yet experimentally unaccounted for, future research is warranted to accurately predict shark physiological performance under future ocean conditions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Absence of cellular damage in tropical newly hatched sharks (Chiloscyllium plagiosum) under ocean acidification conditions

Lopes

Sampaio

Santos

et al. 2018

Cell Stress and Chaperones

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“…A similar role could be postulated for neuronal uric acid [43]. Active swimming behavior requires a high metabolic rate, mirrored by increased oxygen consumption, subsequently leading to reactive oxygen species production [44]. In agreement, fish antioxidant levels were shown to be correlated with their swimming activity [44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…Active swimming behavior requires a high metabolic rate, mirrored by increased oxygen consumption, subsequently leading to reactive oxygen species production [44]. In agreement, fish antioxidant levels were shown to be correlated with their swimming activity [44]. Neuronal cell populations are particularly sensitive to oxidative stress, thus, uric acid could participate in the neutralization of oxidative species to by-pass oxidative stress, notably in GLO-deficient fish.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Identification of a Novel Nucleobase-Ascorbate Transporter Family Member in Fish and Amphibians

Oliveira

Machado

Cardoso

et al. 2019

Fishes

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Nucleobase-Ascorbate Transporter (NAT) family includes ascorbic acid, nucleobases, and uric acid transporters: With broad evolutionary distribution. In vertebrates, four members have been previously recognized, the ascorbate transporters Slc23a1 and Slc3a2, the nucleobase transporter Slc23a4 and an orphan transporter Slc23a3. Using phylogenetic and synteny analysis, we identify a fifth member of the vertebrate slc23 complement (slc23a5), present in neopterygians (gars and teleosts) and amphibians, and clarify the evolutionary relationships between the novel gene and known slc23 genes. Further comparative analysis puts forward uric acid as the preferred substrate for Slc23a5. Gene expression quantification, using available transcriptomic data, suggests kidney and testis as major expression sites in Xenopus tropicalis (western clawed frog) and Danio rerio (zebrafish). Additional expression in brain was detected in D. rerio, while in the Neoteleostei Oryzias latipes (medaka) slc23a5 expression is restricted to the brain. The biological relevance of the retention of an extra transporter in fish and amphibians is discussed.

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Maternal transfer of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the Brazilian guitarfish Pseudobatos horkelii

Martins

Costa

Bianchini

2022

Environmental Advances

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Oxidative Stress in Sharks and Rays

Cited by 4 publications

References 52 publications

Absence of cellular damage in tropical newly hatched sharks (Chiloscyllium plagiosum) under ocean acidification conditions

Absence of cellular damage in tropical newly hatched sharks (Chiloscyllium plagiosum) under ocean acidification conditions

Identification of a Novel Nucleobase-Ascorbate Transporter Family Member in Fish and Amphibians

Maternal transfer of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the Brazilian guitarfish Pseudobatos horkelii

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