Oxidative stress in malaria parasite-infected erythrocytes: host–parasite interactions

Becker, Katja; Tilley, Leann; Vennerstrom, Jonathan L.; Roberts, David J.; Rogerson, Stephen J.; Ginsburg, Hagaï

doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2003.09.011

Cited by 556 publications

(509 citation statements)

References 298 publications

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“…Plasmodium parasites are sensitive to changes in redox equilibrium (32). However, because of their high metabolic turnover, degradation of hemoglobin as a nutrient source, and the host's immune response, parasite growth coincides with the formation of high amounts of toxic byproducts, and intraerythrocytic parasites cause oxidative stress within the IRBC.…”

Section: Oxidative Stress In Malaria Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additional stress or impaired antioxidant capacity, as indicated by pro-oxidant agents or G6PD deficiency, is difficult for these cells to tolerate and results in inhibition of parasite growth or early removal of the IRBCs as explained above. Furthermore, the redox metabolism is known to be important for the action of antimalarial drugs and might play a key role in the pathology of malaria (32).…”

Section: Oxidative Stress In Malaria Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, Plasmodium parasites possess neither catalase nor a typical GSH peroxidase (reviewed in ref. 32).…”

Section: Oxidative Stress In Malaria Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glucose‐6‐phosphate metabolism in Plasmodium falciparum

2012

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Malaria is still one of the most threatening diseases worldwide. The high drug resistance rates of malarial parasites make its eradication difficult and furthermore necessitate the development of new antimalarial drugs. Plasmodium falciparum is responsible for severe malaria and therefore of special interest with regard to drug development. Plasmodium parasites are highly dependent on glucose and very sensitive to oxidative stress; two observations that drew interest to the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) with its key enzyme glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). A central position of the PPP for malaria parasites is supported by the fact that human G6PD deficiency protects to a certain degree from malaria infections. Plasmodium parasites and the human host possess a complete PPP, both of which seem to be important for the parasites. Interestingly, there are major differences between parasite and human G6PD, making the enzyme of Plasmodium a promising target for antimalarial drug design. This review gives an overview of the current state of research on glucose‐6‐phosphate metabolism in P. falciparum and its impact on malaria infections. Moreover, the unique characteristics of the enzyme G6PD in P. falciparum are discussed, upon which its current status as promising target for drug development is based. © 2012 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 64(7): 603–611, 2012

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Section: Oxidative Stress In Malaria Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Oxidative Stress In Malaria Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glucose‐6‐phosphate metabolism in Plasmodium falciparum

2012

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“…In addition, AgNP synthesized using Catharanthus roseus, and Couroupita guianensis are active against blood stages of P. falciparum (Ponarulselvam et al 2012(Ponarulselvam et al , 2015Subramaniam et al 2016b). Notably, the anti-plasmodial property of the abovementioned plant extracts may be attributed to the presence of phytochemicals conferring protective and anti-oxidative activity against oxidative stress induced in the host parasitized red blood cells by the malarial parasites (Becker et al 2004;Nethengwe et al 2012). Fig.…”

Section: Anti-plasmodial Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eco-friendly drugs from the marine environment: spongeweed-synthesized silver nanoparticles are highly effective on Plasmodium falciparum and its vector Anopheles stephensi, with little non-target effects on predatory copepods

Murugan

Panneerselvam

Subramaniam

et al. 2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Mosquitoes act as vectors of devastating pathogens and parasites, representing a key threat for millions of humans and animals worldwide. The control of mosquito-borne diseases is facing a number of crucial challenges, including the emergence of artemisinin and chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium parasites, as well as the presence of mosquito vectors resistant to synthetic and microbial pesticides. Therefore, eco-friendly tools are urgently required. Here, a synergic approach relying to nanotechnologies and biological control strategies is proposed. The marine environment is an outstanding reservoir of bioactive natural products, which have many applications against pests, parasites, and pathogens. We proposed a novel method of seaweed-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) using the spongeweed Codium tomentosum, acting as a reducing and capping agent. AgNP were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). In mosquitocidal assays, the 50 % lethal concentration (LC 50 ) of C. tomentosum extract against Anopheles stephensi ranged from 255.1 (larva I) to 487.1 ppm (pupa). LC 50 of C. tomentosum-synthesized AgNP ranged from 18.1 (larva I) to 40.7 ppm (pupa). In laboratory, the predation efficiency of Mesocyclops aspericornis copepods against A. stephensi larvae was 81, 65, 17, and 9 % (I, II, III, and IV instar, respectively). In AgNP contaminated environment, predation was not affected; 83, 66, 19, and 11 % (I, II, III, and IV). The anti-plasmodial activity of C. tomentosum extract and spongeweed-synthesized AgNP was evaluated against CQ-resistant (CQ-r) and CQ-sensitive (CQ-s) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Fifty percent inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) of C. tomentosum were 51.34 μg/ml (CQ-s) and 65.17 μg/ml (CQ-r); C. tomentosum-synthesized AgNP achieved IC 50 of 72.45 μg/ml (CQ-s) and 76.08 μg/ml (CQ-r). Furthermore, low doses of the AgNP inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Salmonella typhi, using the agar disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration protocol. Overall, C. tomentosum metabolites and spongeweed-synthesized AgNP may be potential candidates to develop novel and effective tools in the fight against Plasmodium parasites and their mosquito vectors. The employ of ultra-low doses of nanomosquitocides in synergy with cyclopoid crustaceans seems a promising green route for effective mosquito control programs.

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“…The Plasmodium falciparum thioredoxin (PfTrx) is part of an effective regulatory redox system. Because the parasite lacks catalase and glutathione peroxidase, the systems around thioredoxin and glutathione are of particular importance (Nickel et al 2006) making antioxidative proteins such as PfTrx, promising targets for drug development (Kanzok et al 2000;Krnajski et al 2001;Becker et al 2004). The Plasmodium falciparum thioredoxin is a redoxactive protein containing two vicinal active site cysteines (Cys30 and Cys33) that cycle between the dithiol and disulfide forms as it reduces target proteins.…”

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confidence: 99%

NMR assignments of oxidised thioredoxin from Plasmodium falciparum

et al. 2009

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During its life cycle, the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum is found intracellular to human erythrocytes, where its survival and ability to multiply critically depends on the control of the environment redox state. Thioredoxin is a small protein containing 104 amino acids that is part of the parasite specific redox system. During the catalytic cycle it alternates between a reduced and oxidised form. Here we report the complete resonance assignment of Plasmodium falciparum thioredoxin in its oxidized form by heteronuclear multidimensional spectroscopy. The obtained chemical shifts differ significantly from those reported earlier for this protein in its reduced state.Keywords Plasmodium falciparum thioredoxin Á Combined chemical shift Á NMR resonance assignments Biological contextWorldwide, more than 500 million people develop malaria yearly and about 3 million will die from the disease.

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Oxidative stress in malaria parasite-infected erythrocytes: host–parasite interactions

Cited by 556 publications

References 298 publications

Glucose‐6‐phosphate metabolism in Plasmodium falciparum

Glucose‐6‐phosphate metabolism in Plasmodium falciparum

Eco-friendly drugs from the marine environment: spongeweed-synthesized silver nanoparticles are highly effective on Plasmodium falciparum and its vector Anopheles stephensi, with little non-target effects on predatory copepods

NMR assignments of oxidised thioredoxin from Plasmodium falciparum

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