Oxidative stress in fish exposed to model xenobiotics. Oxidatively modified forms of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase as potential biomarkers

Herbicides: the Face and the Reverse of the Coin. An in Vitro Approach to the Toxicity of Herbicides in Non-Target Organisms

“…In contrast to the other enzymes, SOD activity showed a progressive decrease along the 21 days of exposition to the herbicide. These data are supported by other studies using rainbow trout injected with paraquat (Pedrajas et al, 1995) but are opposite to results obtained with other species exposed to other pollutants. In conclusion, fish antioxidant enzymes have a limited potential to be used as pollution biomarkers, since very different responses can be observed depending both on the xenobiotic and on the organism under study.…”

“…Regarding glutathione S-transferase (GST), an enzyme engaged in the detoxification of many xenobiotics, by conjugation of their phase I metabolites, it was observed an increase of its activity induced by 7 days exposition to oxyfluorfen, but thereafter the activity decreased to levels lower than the control. Data in literature are also variable, reporting an increase (Otto & Moon, 1995) or a decrease (Pedrajas et al, 1995) of GST activity in fishes exposed to PAHs and PCBs. In contrast to the other enzymes, SOD activity showed a progressive decrease along the 21 days of exposition to the herbicide.…”

Relationships between antioxidants, antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation products during early development in Dentex dentex eggs and larvae

“…There have been many studies on the endogenous antioxidant enzyme systems in fish (Roche and Boge, 1993;Murata et al, 1996) particularly in relation to specific oxidative stresses (Pedrajas et al, 1995;Rana and Singh, 1996) but also including studies in relation to age and development (Otto and Moon, 1996). However, there have been few studies specifically investigating the activity of the enzyme systems in larval stages (Aceto et al, 1994;Peters et al, 1994;Peters and Livingstone, 1996).…”

Interactions of Fungicides and Pesticides with Specific Enzymes

“…glucocorticoid hormones, various kinds of stres (cold, heat, extreme exercise), cytokines and in particular compounds leading to production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Dalton et al, 1994). Therefore, in mammals and fish, not only inorganic pollutants such as heavy metals but also organic contaminants may activate MT neosynthesis (Wormser & Calp, 1988;Sato et al, 1989;Baumann et al, 1991;Pedrajas et al, 1995). Our study supported the theory that deltamethrin causes a great amount of oxidative stress such that induction of the CYP 1A increases generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, and hydrogen peroxide, and MT synthesis is stimulated by different endogenous and exogenous agents in particular compounds leading to production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).…”