Oxidative Stress in Aging Human Skin

Rinnerthaler, Mark; Bischof, Johannes; Streubel, Maria Karolin; Trost, Andrea; Richter, Klaus

doi:10.3390/biom5020545

Cited by 655 publications

(632 citation statements)

References 356 publications

(401 reference statements)

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“…Antioxidant polyphenols possess tyrosinase and elastase inhibitory activity (4,36,39). In the current study, the extract from burdock leaves with antioxidant polyphenols inhibited elastase and tyrosinase activity, with their antielastase activity being stronger compared with their antityrosinase activity, which can be explained using the ROS scavenging theory of skin aging (40). These results indicate that the antiwrinkle activity of burdock leaves may be more effective than its skin-evening activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

Inhibitory effect of burdock leaves on elastase and tyrosinase activity

Horng

Chiang

et al. 2017

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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Abstract. Burdock (Arctium lappa L.) leaves generate a considerable amount of waste following burdock root harvest in Taiwan. To increase the use of burdock leaves, the present study investigated the optimal methods for producing burdock leaf extract (BLE) with high antioxidant polyphenolic content, including drying methods and solvent extraction concentration. In addition, the elastase and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of BLE was examined. Burdock leaves were dried by four methods: Shadow drying, oven drying, sun drying and freeze-drying. The extract solution was then subjected to total polyphenol content analysis and the method that produced BLE with the highest amount of total antioxidant components was taken forward for further analysis. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-pycrylhydrazyl scavenging, antielastase and antityrosinase activity of the BLE were measured to enable the evaluation of the antioxidant and skin aging-associated enzyme inhibitory activities of BLE. The results indicated that the total polyphenolic content following extraction with ethanol (EtOH) was highest using the freeze-drying method, followed by the oven drying, shadow drying and sun drying methods. BLE yielded a higher polyphenol content and stronger antioxidant activity as the ratio of the aqueous content of the extraction solvent used increased. BLE possesses marked tyrosinase and elastase inhibitory activities, with its antielastase activity notably stronger compared with its antityrosinase activity. These results indicate that the concentration of the extraction solvent was associated with the antioxidant and skin aging-associated enzyme inhibitory activity of BLE. The reactive oxygen species scavenging theory of skin aging may explain the tyrosinase and elastase inhibitory activity of BLE.In conclusion, the optimal method for obtaining BLE with a high antioxidant polyphenolic content was freeze-drying followed by 30-50% EtOH extraction. In addition, the antielastase and antityrosinase activities of the BLE produced may be aid in the development of skincare products with antiwrinkle and skin-evening properties. IntroductionThe skin is the largest organ of the human body and has essential functions, including protecting internal organs and regulating body temperature. Collagen and elastin, which are naturally occurring structural proteins in the dermis of the skin, maintain the plumpness, flexibility and elasticity of the skin. Skin aging presents as wrinkling, roughness, dryness, decreased elasticity and uneven pigmentation (1,2). In addition to intrinsic aging, extrinsic aging caused by exposure of the skin to solar radiation is an important concern. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation are clinically associated with specific markers of photoaging, including wrinkling, and increased elastin and collagen damage (2,3). Elastase digests elastin (4,5). Pigmentary changes due to the accumulation of melanin are another major characteristic of photoaging. Tyrosinase is a key enzyme that catalyzes melanin biosynthesis in...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

Inhibitory effect of burdock leaves on elastase and tyrosinase activity

Horng

Chiang

et al. 2017

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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“…It is well known that skin aging is a consequence of genetically determined biological factors influenced by oxidative stress [27,28] and environmental (such as sunlight ultraviolet radiation) factors [29]. The first type of skin aging is called intrinsic aging, while the second is called extrinsic aging [30,31].…”

Section: Molecular Biologist's View Of Skin Aging: Intrinsic and Extrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging Skin: Nourishing from the Inside Out, Effects of Good Versus Poor Nitrogen Intake on Skin Health and Healing

Corsetti

Pasini²,

Flati

et al. 2015

Textbook of Aging Skin

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“…An existing explanation for the emergence of these features is that radiation increases reactive oxygen species (ROS), which at higher concentrations may cause damage to DNA molecules, fatty acids, carbohydrates and proteins, including collagen and elastin [9,[24][25][26][27][28]. In general, aged skin exhibits an imbalance between adequate loss and replenishment of structural and functional components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elastin structure and its involvement in skin photoageing

Weihermann

Lorencini

Brohem

et al. 2016

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

131

102

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Skin aging is a complex process that may be caused by factors that are intrinsic and extrinsic to the body. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation represents one of the main sources of skin damage over the years and characterizes a process known as photoaging. Among the changes that affect cutaneous tissue with age, the loss of elastic properties caused by changes in elastin production, increased degradation and/or processing produces a substantial impact on tissue esthetics and health. The occurrence of solar elastosis is one of the main markers of cutaneous photoaging and is characterized by disorganized and non-functional deposition of elastic fibers. The occurrence of UV radiation-induced alternative splicing of the elastin gene, which leads to inadequate synthesis of the proteins required for the correct assembly of elastic fibers, is a potential explanation for this phenomenon. Innovative studies have been fundamental for the elucidation of rarely explored photoaging mechanisms and have enabled the identification of effective therapeutic alternatives such as cosmetic products. This review addresses cutaneous photoaging and the changes that affect elastin in this process.R esum e Le vieillissement de la peau est un processus complexe qui peutêtre caus e par des facteurs intrins eques et extrins eques du corps. Les rayons ultraviolets (UV) repr esentent l'une des principales sources de dommages de la peau au fil des ans et caract erise un processus connu sous le nom de photo-vieillissement. Parmi les changements qui affectent le tissu cutan e avec l'âge, la perte des propri et es elastiques caus ees par des changements dans la production d' elastine, augmentation de la d egradation et / ou le traitement, produit un impact important sur l'esth etique et la sant e des tissus. La survenue d'une elastose solaire est l'un des principaux marqueurs de photo-vieillissement cutan e et se caract erise par un d epôt d esordonn e et non-fonctionnel des fibres elastiques. L'apparition d'un epissage alternatif du g ene de l' elastine induit par le rayonnement UV, ce qui conduit a une synth ese insuffisante des prot eines n ecessaires a l'assemblage correct des fibres elastiques, est une explication possible de ce ph enom ene. Des etudes novatrices ont et e fondamentales pour l' elucidation des m ecanismes de photovieillissement rarement explor es et ont permis l'identification d'alternatives th erapeutiques efficaces, tels que les produits cosm etiques. Cette revue porte sur le photo-vieillissement cutan e et les changements qui affectent l' elastine dans ce processus.

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Oxidative Stress in Aging Human Skin

Cited by 655 publications

References 356 publications

Inhibitory effect of burdock leaves on elastase and tyrosinase activity

Inhibitory effect of burdock leaves on elastase and tyrosinase activity

Aging Skin: Nourishing from the Inside Out, Effects of Good Versus Poor Nitrogen Intake on Skin Health and Healing

Elastin structure and its involvement in skin photoageing

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