Oxidative Stress, Cytotoxicity, and Genotoxicity Induced by Methyl Parathion in Human Gingival Fibroblasts: Protective Role of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate

Abstract

Organophosphorous (OP) compounds are pesticides frequently released into the environment because of extensive use in agriculture. Among these, methyl parathion (mPT) recently received attention as a consequence of illegal use. The predominant route of human exposure to mPT is via inhalation, but inadvertent consumption of contaminated foods and water may also occur. The goal of this study was to investigate the in vitro effects of mPT on cells in the oral cavity and evaluate the potential protective role of epigallocathechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on these effects. Human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) were exposed to 10, 50, or 100 μ g/ml mPT for 24 h and assessed for oxidative stress, as evidenced by reactive generation of oxygen species (ROS), induction of apoptotic cell death, DNA damage (comet assay and cytochinesis-block micronucleus test), and nitric oxide (NO) production. The results showed that mPT produced significant oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity and increased NO levels through stimulation of inducible NO synthase expression. Finally, data demonstrated that EGCG (10, 25, or 50 μ M) was able to inhibit the pesticide-induced effects on all parameters studied. Data indicate that cytotoxic and genotoxic effects may be associated with oxidative stress induced by mPT observed in HGF cultures and that EGCG plays a protective role via antioxidant activities.

Glyphosate Inhibits PPAR Gamma Induction and Differentiation of Preadipocytes and is able to Induce Oxidative Stress

“…It is well known that oxidative stress is involved in the effect of several pesticides that disrupt cellular physiology . We found that GF was able to induce oxidative stress in exponentially growing 3T3‐L1 fibroblasts which was evaluated by the increase in lipid peroxidation and in the activity of SOD, one of the antioxidant enzymes.…”

Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in human gingival fibroblast and ions release of endodontic sealers incorporated with nanostructured silver vanadate

“…24 The comet assay allows the quantification of single and double-strand breaks of DNA and is insensitive to cell typology. 25 To validate this test, prior evaluation of cytotoxicity under the same conditions as the assay is essential. 26 In this context, the comet assay was performed soon after treatment, as well as the cell viability at T 0 (Figure S1).…”

“…Evaluate the alterations induced in DNA is essential to approve the biocompatibility of a product, once the chromosomal alterations are a significant event that could initiate the carcinogenesis process 24 . The comet assay allows the quantification of single and double‐strand breaks of DNA and is insensitive to cell typology 25 . To validate this test, prior evaluation of cytotoxicity under the same conditions as the assay is essential 26 .…”

SG-SP1 Suppresses Mast Cell-Mediated Allergic Inflammation via Inhibition of FcεRI Signaling

“…These compounds could be ameliorated by chemical modifications (31). Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a major component of green tea, is known to have many biologic activities including anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and anti-bacterial/viral infections (32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37). GA, a part of EGCG, was shown to have inhibitory effects on mast cell-mediated allergic inflammation in our previous studies, and we have generated various derivatives of GA to improve its pharmacological effectiveness (10,11).…”