Oxidative‐Stress Biomarkers in Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension

Abstract

This controlled, prospective, nonrandomized clinical investigation has as its chief strength the fact that it was done in humans with active disease and apparently on fairly modest therapeutic regimens. The aim was to present the results of oxidative-stress biomarkers in humans suffering from pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). Inflammation and oxidative stress are essential in PAH with increased lipid peroxidation and reduced antioxidant defenses. Twenty-four adult patients of both sexes, with a mean age of 21 years, were subdivided into 2 groups: a control group of 12 healthy, nonsmoking volunteers and a PAH group (PAHG) of 12 volunteers with PAH receiving outpatient treatment. Oxidative stress was evaluated by plasma activity of reduced glutathione (GSH); lipid peroxidation was expressed by malondialdehyde (MDA) and lipid hydroperoxide (ferrous oxidation of xylenol orange [FOX] assay); vitamin E was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analyses showed significant differences for (1) the TNF-α measure, with highest values in PAHG patients; (2) the plasma GSH, with lowest values in PAHG patients; (3) vitamin E, with the lowest concentrations in PAHG patients; (4) MDA measure, with highest values in PAHG patients; and (5) the lipid hydroperoxide FOX measure, with highest values in PAHG patients. In conclusion, inflammation and oxidative stress are present in patients with PAH, as confirmed by increased lipid peroxidation, reduced GSH, and low concentrations of vitamin E.

High reactive oxygen species in fibrotic and nonfibrotic skin of patients with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis

“…Although correlation does not mean causality, these findings corroborated the proposed role of ROS in the development of ILD [31]. Several studies have provided evidence of elevated oxidative stress and its biomarkers in patients with PAH [32,33]. On the other hand, ESR together with CRP were shown to be elevated in patients with dcSSc with elevated oxidative stress [12], CRP levels were in correlation with TAP serum levels in patients with SSc [15].…”

The role of oxidative stress on the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome

“…MDA can be detected by the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) using a colorimetric method based on MDA TBA reaction and form a pink color, so gauging MDA and all species reacting with this acid. 42 The MDA can be specifically measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The same reaction occurs between MDA and TBA, but due to the apparatus of the fluorescence detector, only the MDA is identified, making this more specific test.…”

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 protects against oxidative stress associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension

“…In recent years, extensive studies in both animal models and patients suggested that oxidative stress plays a key role in pathological remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature [4]. Excessive lipid peroxidation participates in the abnormal proliferation of PASMCs [5].…”