Oxidative Stress as an Underlying Mechanism of Bacteria-Inflicted Damage to Male Gametes

Tvrdá, Eva; Benko, Filip; Ďuračka, Michal

doi:10.3390/oxygen2040036

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 167 publications

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“…In our case, global ROS levels were significantly decreased following 2 h in comparison to 2 days of abstinence. This may be explained by the fact that a shorter time of sperm storage in the epididymis decreases the risks of prolonged exposure to ROS produced by the aerobic metabolism of vital sperm cells or ROS released by damaged or dead spermatozoa [ 48 ]. While a decreasing trend in the levels of reactive intermediates following short abstinence time was observed earlier [ 13 , 16 , 17 ], this was not significant as it was in our case.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spermatozoa, leukocytes, aerobic as well as facultative anaerobic bacteria release ROS as their metabolic by-products. Even anaerobes can deploy low-potential electron transfer pathways to synthesize reactive intermediates [ 48 ]. ROS have been shown to be produced by a variety of potentially uropathogenic bacteria, such as E. coli [ 85 ], S. aureus [ 86 ], and E. faecalis [ 87 ], elevated loads of which may contribute to the progression of oxidative damage to spermatozoa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ejaculatory Abstinence Affects the Sperm Quality in Normozoospermic Men—How Does the Seminal Bacteriome Respond?

Tvrdá

Ďuračka

Benko

et al. 2023

IJMS

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This study was designed to describe bacterial profiles of ejaculates collected following a long and short ejaculatory abstinence set in the context of changes in the conventional, oxidative, and immunological characteristics of semen. Two specimens were collected in succession from normozoospermic men (n = 51) following 2 days and 2 h, respectively. Semen samples were processed and analyzed according to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2021 guidelines. Afterwards, sperm DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial function, levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), total antioxidant capacity, and oxidative damage to sperm lipids and proteins were evaluated in each specimen. Selected cytokine levels were quantified using the ELISA method. Bacterial identification by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry revealed that samples collected following two days of abstinence presented with a higher bacterial load and diversity, and a greater prevalence of potentially uropathogenic bacteria including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. Only staphylococci and Escherichia coli remained present in specimens obtained after 2 h of abstinence. Whilst all samples accomplished the criteria set by WHO, a significantly higher motility (p < 0.05), membrane integrity (p < 0.05), mitochondrial membrane potential (p < 0.05), and DNA integrity (p < 0.0001) were detected following 2 h of ejaculatory abstinence. On the other hand, significantly higher ROS levels (p < 0.001), protein oxidation (p < 0.001), and lipid peroxidation (p < 0.01) accompanied by significantly higher concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha (p < 0.05), interleukin-6 (p < 0.01), and interferon gamma (p < 0.05) were observed in specimens collected after two days of abstinence. It may be summarized that shorter ejaculatory abstinence does not compromise sperm quality in normozoospermic men, while it contributes to a decreased occurrence of bacteria in semen which is accompanied by a lower probability of damage to spermatozoa by ROS or pro-inflammatory cytokines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ejaculatory Abstinence Affects the Sperm Quality in Normozoospermic Men—How Does the Seminal Bacteriome Respond?

Tvrdá

Ďuračka

Benko

et al. 2023

IJMS

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“…At the same time, bacterial contamination has been repeatedly associated with an increased rate of sperm DNA damage [ 12 , 19 , 25 ] which may be explained by two major mechanisms: (1) bacterial metabolism produces ROS, which will shift the oxidative balance towards a pro-oxidant state. Hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals will then trespass the plasma membrane and reach the nucleus, causing breakage of the sperm DNA [ 12 , 19 , 25 , 52 ]. (2) Bacterial endotoxins, more specifically LPS and hemolysins, either trigger caspases through ROS overproduction or cause pores in the membrane, which will lead to osmotic imbalance, mitochondrial rupture, and ROS release into the intracellular environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-Term Storage of Rooster Ejaculates: Sperm Quality and Bacterial Profile Differences in Selected Commercial Extenders

et al. 2023

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Bacterial contamination of semen has become an important contributor to the reduced shelf life of insemination doses in the poultry industry, which is why antibiotics (ATBs) are an important component of semen extenders. Due to a global rise in antimicrobial resistance, the aim of this study was to assess the efficiency of selected commercially available semen extenders to prevent possible bacterial contamination of rooster ejaculates. Two selected extenders free from or containing 31.2 µg/mL kanamycin (KAN) were used to process semen samples from 63 healthy Lohmann Brown roosters. Phosphate-buffered saline without ATBs was used as a control. The extended samples were stored at 4 °C for 24 h. Sperm motility, viability, mitochondrial activity, DNA integrity and the oxidative profile of each extended sample were assessed following 2 h and 24 h of storage. Furthermore, selective media were used to quantify the bacterial load and specific bacterial species were identified with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. The results indicate that semen extenders enriched with KAN ensured a significantly higher preservation of sperm quality in comparison to their KAN-free counterparts. Bacterial load was significantly decreased in diluents supplemented with ATBs (p ≤ 0.001); however, KAN alone was not effective enough to eradicate all bacteria since several Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium and Micrococcus luteus were retrieved from samples extended in KAN-supplemented commercial extenders. As such, we may suggest that more focus should be devoted to the selection of an optimal combination and dose of antibiotics for poultry extenders, which should be accompanied by a more frequent bacteriological screening of native as well as extended poultry semen.

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“…in turkeys [ 5 ], rams [ 13 ], boars [ 11 ] and humans [ 68 ]. It has been hypothesized that increased sperm DNA fragmentation in the presence of bacteria may be caused by oxidative insults to DNA molecules as an accompanying phenomenon of bacterial contamination [ 69 ]. This theory has been fortified by positive correlations between extent of sperm DNA damage and bacterial load and ROS levels in previous studies [ 5 , 12 , 13 , 31 , 47 , 60 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Curcumin Attenuates Damage to Rooster Spermatozoa Exposed to Selected Uropathogens

Tvrdá

Petrovičová²,

Benko³

et al. 2022

Pharmaceutics

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Artificial insemination, as an essential pillar of the modern poultry industry, primarily depends on the quality of semen collected from stud roosters. Since the collection and storage of ejaculates is not a sterile process, antimicrobial agents have become essential supplements to semen extenders. While the use of traditional antibiotics has been challenged because of rising bacterial resistance, natural biomolecules represent an appealing alternative because of their antibacterial and antioxidant properties. As such, this study strived to compare the effects of 50 μmol/L curcumin (CUR) with 31.2 µg/mL kanamycin (KAN) as a conventional antibiotic on rooster sperm quality in the presence of Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Changes in sperm structural integrity and functional activity were monitored at 2 and 24 h of culture. Computer-assisted semen analysis revealed significant sperm motility preservation following treatment with KAN, particularly in the case of Salmonella enterica and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (p < 0.001) after 24 h. On the other hand, CUR was more effective in opposing ROS overproduction by all bacteria (p < 0.05), as determined by luminol-based luminometry, and maintained sperm mitochondrial activity (p < 0.001 in the case of Salmonella enterica; p < 0.05 with respect to Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), as assessed by the fluorometric JC-1 assay. The TUNEL assay revealed that CUR readily preserved the DNA integrity of rooster sperm exposed to Salmonella enterica (p < 0.01) and Escherichia coli (p < 0.001). The bacteriological analysis showed higher efficiency of KAN in preventing the growth of all selected bacterial species (p < 0.0001) as opposed to CUR. In conclusion, CUR provided protection to rooster spermatozoa against alterations caused by uropathogens, most likely through its antioxidant activity. Hence, CUR supplementation to poultry semen extenders in combination with properly selected antibacterial substances may become an interesting strategy in the management of bacterial contamination during semen storage.

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Oxidative Stress as an Underlying Mechanism of Bacteria-Inflicted Damage to Male Gametes

Cited by 7 publications

References 167 publications

Ejaculatory Abstinence Affects the Sperm Quality in Normozoospermic Men—How Does the Seminal Bacteriome Respond?

Ejaculatory Abstinence Affects the Sperm Quality in Normozoospermic Men—How Does the Seminal Bacteriome Respond?

Short-Term Storage of Rooster Ejaculates: Sperm Quality and Bacterial Profile Differences in Selected Commercial Extenders

Curcumin Attenuates Damage to Rooster Spermatozoa Exposed to Selected Uropathogens

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