Oxidative Stress Applied in Diabetes Mellitus-A New Paradigm

Stoian, Anca Pantea; Mitrofan, Grigorina; Colceag, Florian; Serafinceanu, Cristian; Totu, Eugenia Eftimie; Mocanu, Veronica; Mănuc, Daniela; Cărăuşu, Elena Mihaela

doi:10.3390/proceedings2019011007

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…High ROS concentrations may influence the induction or aggravation of several pathologies ( Figure 1 ), such as hypertension [ 27 ], cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications [ 28 ], metabolic syndrome [ 28 , 29 , 30 ], cancer [ 31 ], neurodegenerative diseases [ 32 ], or DNA mutations [ 33 ].…”

Section: Ros and Antioxidantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Implication of Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidants in Knee Osteoarthritis

Tudorachi

Totu

Fifere³

et al. 2021

Antioxidants

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Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a chronic multifactorial pathology and a current and essential challenge for public health, with a negative impact on the geriatric patient’s quality of life. The pathophysiology is not fully known; therefore, no specific treatment has been found to date. The increase in the number of newly diagnosed cases of KOA is worrying, and it is essential to reduce the risk factors and detect those with a protective role in this context. The destructive effects of free radicals consist of the acceleration of chondrosenescence and apoptosis. Among other risk factors, the influence of redox imbalance on the homeostasis of the osteoarticular system is highlighted. The evolution of KOA can be correlated with oxidative stress markers or antioxidant status. These factors reveal the importance of maintaining a redox balance for the joints and the whole body’s health, emphasizing the importance of an individualized therapeutic approach based on antioxidant effects. This paper aims to present an updated picture of the implications of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in KOA from pathophysiological and biochemical perspectives, focusing on antioxidant systems that could establish the premises for appropriate treatment to restore the redox balance and improve the condition of patients with KOA.

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Section: Ros and Antioxidantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Implication of Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidants in Knee Osteoarthritis

Tudorachi

Totu

Fifere³

et al. 2021

Antioxidants

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“…Some exogenous and endogenous factors (sedentary lifestyle and/or oxidative stress) also favor degenerative processes. The onset of obesity with age is a progressive process, supported by the lack of control of oxidative stress [ 113 ].…”

Section: Obesity As a Factor Affecting Status Of Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Link between Obesity, Microbiota Dysbiosis, and Neurodegenerative Pathogenesis

Vamanu

Nand

2021

Diseases

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Current research in medicine in several parts of the world has attempted to establish a link between the occurrence of neurodegenerative pathologies, microbiota dysbiosis, and the incidence of obesity. The body’s response to different physicochemical factors has also been influenced by the proper assimilation of bioactive compounds contained in the food that is ingested. Oxidative stress is one of the major factors that directly affects the functioning of the human microbiota. The body’s reaction to this imbalance is crucial to the progression of inflammatory processes, which are based on molecular mechanisms. Microbial dysbiosis can result in a possibly permanent alteration in the physiological response. This review aims to highlight recent contributions made to alleviating human dysbiosis in degenerative diseases, especially for neurodegenerative pathologies based on the rising prevalence of obesity. We discuss the significance of both microbiota modulation and possible alleviations of pathologies by a modulatory function. We argue that pre- and probiotics (including phenolic compounds stimulating the favorable strain from the microbiota) are an effective alternative that can support the microbiota pattern’s modulation over time and the attenuation of indirect causes that determine dysbiosis. Molecular aspects are presented in support of the modulating role of the microbiota following the use of probiotics.

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“…compounds stimulating insulin secretion), dependent on K ATP . However, note that the redox signaling must be distinguished from the oxidative stress [3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox Signaling is Essential for Insulin Secretion

Ježek¹,

Holendová²,

Jabůrek³

et al. 2021

Type 2 Diabetes - From Pathophysiology to Cyber Systems

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In this review, we place redox signaling in pancreatic β-cells to the context with signaling pathways leading to insulin secretion, acting for example upon the action of incretins (GLP-1, GIP) and the metabotropic receptor GPR40. Besides a brief description of ion channel participation in depolarization/repolarization of the plasma membrane, we emphasize a prominent role of the elevated glucose level in pancreatic β-cells during glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). We focus on our recent findings, which revealed that for GSIS, not only elevated ATP synthesis is required, but also fundamental redox signaling originating from the NADPH oxidase 4- (NOX4-) mediated H2O2 production. We hypothesized that the closing of the ATP-sensitive K+ channel (KATP) is only possible when both ATP plus H2O2 are elevated in INS-1E cells. KATP alone or with synergic channels provides an element of logical sum, integrating both metabolic plus redox homeostasis. This is also valid for other secretagogues, such as branched chain ketoacids (BCKAs); and partly for fatty acids (FAs). Branched chain aminoacids, leucine, valine and isoleucine, after being converted to BCKAs are metabolized by a series of reactions resembling β-oxidation of FAs. This increases superoxide formation in mitochondria, including its portion elevated due to the function of electron transfer flavoprotein ubiquinone oxidoreductase (ETF:QOR). After superoxide conversion to H2O2 the oxidation of BCKAs provides the mitochondrial redox signaling extending up to the plasma membrane to induce its depolarization together with the elevated ATP. In contrast, experimental FA-stimulated insulin secretion in the presence of non-stimulating glucose concentrations is predominantly mediated by GPR40, for which intramitochondrial redox signaling activates phospholipase iPLA2γ, cleaving free FAs from mitochondrial membranes, which diffuse to the plasma membrane and largely amplify the GPR40 response. These events are concomitant to the insulin release due to the metabolic component. Hypothetically, redox signaling may proceed by simple H2O2 diffusion or via an SH-relay enabled by peroxiredoxins to target proteins. However, these aspects have yet to be elucidated.

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Oxidative Stress Applied in Diabetes Mellitus-A New Paradigm

Cited by 4 publications

References 7 publications

The Implication of Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidants in Knee Osteoarthritis

The Implication of Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidants in Knee Osteoarthritis

The Link between Obesity, Microbiota Dysbiosis, and Neurodegenerative Pathogenesis

Redox Signaling is Essential for Insulin Secretion

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