Oxidative Stress and Reproductive Damage Induced by Lead Acetate in Female Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus): Curative Effects of Hydroethanolic Extract of Spirulina platensis

Abstract

This study was aimed at evaluating the curative effects of Hydroethanolic Extract Of Spirulina platensis (HESP) on the reproductive function of female Guinea pig exposed to oxidative stress. Sixty females, 3-4 months old, weighing 300-400 g were divided into six groups (10 animals/group). The neutral control received distilled water, the negative control was treated with lead acetate at a dose 12 mg/kg.b.w while the positive control was given 12 mg of lead acetate/kg b.w and 100 mg of vitamin C. Groups 4, 5 and 6 were treated with lead acetate at a dose of 12 mg/kg b.w for the first 30 days and then received from the 31 st day to the 90 th day HESP at doses of 50,100 and 200 mg/kg.b.w respectively once daily. Results revealed that lead caused prominent toxic effects on fertility, deterioration of sex organs as well as a disruption of serum levels of Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and progesterone. Lead acetate markedly increased tissues oxidative-stress marker (malondiadehyde), whereas it reduces the activities of antioxidant-enzymes, Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), total peroxidase and catalase. These changes were also accompanied by a significant (p<0.05) decrease of body weight gain. However treatment with HESP ameliorated lead acetate-induced anomalies by significantly (p<0.05) increasing the body weight gain, organ weights and feed intake. Also HESP let to a significant (p<0.05) improvement of fertility indices, a significant (p<0.05) increase in serum LH, FSH, progesterone hormones and an increase in antioxidant enzymes. Curative treatment brought about histological tissues protection and a significant (p<0.05) decrease of toxicity biomarkers (AST, ALT, creatinine and urea) and Malondiadehyde (MDA). In conclusion, lead acetate induced reproductive stress and administration of HESP can mitigate these adverse effects due to its antioxidant properties.

Therapeutic Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Polygonum limbatum meism Against Reproductive Toxicity Induced by Cadmium in Male Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus)

“…Nevertheless, restoration of those stress parameters in cadmium chloride and EEPLM-treated animals suggested that Polygonum limbatum meism could have protective effects against oxidative stress induced by cadmium chloride (37). However, in this study, contrary to the results observed in Deutcheu et al (15), the activity of antioxidant enzymes rather increased in animals exposed to metal only. These results could be justified by the fact that when the stress is moderate, the organism will try to react by over-expressing the level of antioxidant enzymes to try to fight this stress (38,39).…”

“…In this study, the level of MDA, SOD, catalase, and total peroxidase activities (Table 5) decreased significantly and became normal in animals co-administered with cadmium chloride and EEPLM compared to the negative control receiving cadmium only. These results are similar to those of Deutcheu et al (15) who reported the same results in lead acetatetreated guinea pigs for the first 30 days at the dose 12 mg/kg bw and then administered 100 mg/kg bw of hydroethanolic extract of Spirulina platensis from the 31st day to the 90th day. Nevertheless, restoration of those stress parameters in cadmium chloride and EEPLM-treated animals suggested that Polygonum limbatum meism could have protective effects against oxidative stress induced by cadmium chloride (37).…”

“…The doses of ethanolic extract were chosen from others works that used ethanolic extract (15,16) and were readjusted weekly according to the weight of guinea pigs. Table 1 shows the bioactive compounds detected using phytochemical tests according to Harborne (17).…”

Effects of Moringa oleifera aqueous seed extracts on reproductive traits of heat-stressed New Zealand white female rabbits

“…Ovary histology is usually used to assess its morphological changes leading to cells and reproductive hormone impairment ( 67 ). Analysis of the micrographs showed damages of ovary of female rabbits solely exposed to heat stress.…”