Oxidative Stress and Natural Products in Orthodontic Treatment: A Systematic Review

Abstract

In recent years, orthodontics, a specialized branch of dentistry, has evolved considerably in terms of both techniques and materials used. Aimed at correcting dental malocclusions and craniofacial anomalies, it improves the functionality and aesthetics of the face and oral cavity. However, orthodontic treatment, in its developmental stages, may induce oxidative stress (O.S.) phenomena, with an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), damaging the dental and periodontal tissues involved, affecting the short-, medium- and long-term results. Studies on the antioxidant effects of natural products (e.g., resveratrol, green tea, turmeric, etc.) in the medical field have aroused considerable interest in recent years. A systematic literature review was conducted on the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases using natural products (N.P.s), O.S., and orthodontic as keywords. The study aims to consider the determinants of the increase in ROS occurring during orthodontic treatment and the possibility of natural products being able to control and neutralize biochemical phenomena by restoring the physiological process in which the balance between the production of ROS and the ability of the body’s antioxidant system to neutralize them is in favor of the latter.

Evaluating the Therapeutic Properties of Natural Products in Orthodontic and Surgical Treatment of Dentofacial Deformities: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials

“…They found significant reductions in plaque and gingival bleeding, attributing these benefits to the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties of the natural products used. On the other hand, Inchingolo et al [ 34 ] explored the role of antioxidants such as resveratrol and green tea in countering oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species production induced by orthodontic treatment. These studies suggest that these natural antioxidants and dietary supplements can help restore physiological balance, reduce inflammation levels, and prevent damage to dental and periodontal tissues, highlighting a preventive strategy against long-term complications in orthodontic care [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ].…”

“…In examining the impact of orthodontic materials on oxidative stress, other studies provide valuable insights through contrasting methodologies and findings [ 34 , 40 , 41 , 42 ]. However, the non-clinical trial study design did not allow for the inclusion of the current systematic review.…”

The Role of Sulfhydryl (Thiols) Groups in Oral and Periodontal Diseases

“…However, it is important to emphasize that understanding the specific mechanisms involved requires further research to more precisely define the role of antioxidants in the management of periodontitis [104][105][106][107]. They support the healing of damaged gingival tissues, facilitating repair and recovery [108][109][110]. In addition to antioxidants, some natural substances have been studied for their effectiveness in managing periodontitis and reducing gingival inflammation; coenzyme Q10, vitamin C, tea tree essential oil, aloe vera, phenols, turmeric, and ginger [62].…”

The Role of Curcumin in Oral Health and Diseases: A Systematic Review

“…The ascertained pleiotropic nature of curcumin creates interference in complex biological processes and various inflammatory factors that regulate oxidation–reduction processes, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytokines, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukins (ILs), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), C-reactive proteins, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and other enzymes involved in inflammation [ 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Curcumin inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and various kinases, demonstrating a controlling action in angiogenesis and the growth of cancerous lesions [ 22 , 23 ].…”