Oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in type 2 diabetic patients

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is most demanding public health problem of 21st century. Uncontrolled diabetes may cause complications affecting any part of gut from mouth to rectum presenting as vomiting, nausea, bloating, abdominal pain, constipation and diarrhoea. The aim of this study was to compare levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO)-positive and negative diabetic patients. Subjects and methods: An observational analytical study was conducted on 300 T2DM (>5 years' duration) attending Diabetic Clinic. A total of 200 age-and sexmatched healthy individuals were enrolled as controls. Noninvasive glucose hydrogen breath test was used to diagnose SIBO. A total of 5 mL blood was taken. Plasma was used for measurement of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10) by ELISA. Hemolysate was used for measurement of lipid peroxidation, reduced GSH, superoxide dismutase and catalase. Results: It was observed that constipation was present in 59.6% T2DM patients.SIBO was observed significantly higher (P < .0001) in T2DM patients than controls.Inflammatory and oxidative stress markers were significantly (P < .001) higher in diabetic and SIBO-positive patients than controls and SIBO negative. Reduced GSH was significantly (P < .05) lower whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase antioxidant enzymes were significantly (<.05) higher in diabetic and SIBO-positive patients than controls and SIBO-negative patients. Conclusion: From this study, it could be concluded that SIBO in T2DM patients can cause oxidative stress and inflammation. Therefore, SIBO should be taken care to prevent further damage to intestine. K E Y W O R D Sinflammatory markers, orocecal transit time, oxidative stress, small intestinal bacterial over growth, type 2 diabetes mellitus 2 of 6 | MALIK et AL.

Glutathione S-Transferase (GSTT1 rs17856199) and Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS2 rs2297518) Genotype Combination as Potential Oxidative Stress-Related Molecular Markers for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

“…8,13 These species play a central role in insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction, the two major components in T2DM development and increased risk of complications. [13][14][15][16] The SOD family catalyzes the conversion of superoxide to hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), which form H 2 O and O 2 by CAT and GPx enzymes. This family comprises the intracellular "CuZn-SOD (SOD1; EC 1.15.1.1)", mitochondrial "Mn-SOD (SOD2; EC 1.15.1.1)", and the extracellular "EC-SOD (SOD3; EC 1.15.1.1)".…”

Impact of serotonin transporter gene polymorphism on gut motility in patients with type 2 Diabetes mellitus

“…Demographic profile and biochemical parameters have been described in detail in our previous publications. 19,20 However, same salient features are presented here in Table 1. The mean age of diabetes patients was 54.6 ± 0.67 years and that of controls was 55.4 ± 0.74 years.…”

“…Study design has been described in details in a previous publication. 19,20 In brief, 300 T2DM patients and 200 healthy controls were enrolled for this study. Informed consents were taken from all the study participants.…”

Adrenergic Receptor Beta 2and 3 Polymorphism Modulate Gastro Intestinal Motility in Ttype 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

“…Demographic characteristics were described earlier in details. [14,15] In brief, out of 300 diabetic study participants, 142 were males and 96 were females. Mean age of diabetic individuals was 54.6 years (range 30-70 years).…”

“…It was conducted after receiving approval from the Institute ethics Committee, PGIME&R, Chandigarh, India. Detailed study design has been described in our previous studies [14][15][16] . In brief, 300 T2DM patients were recruited from Diabetes Clinic at PGIMER following American Diabetes Association 2013 criteria.…”