Oxidative Stress and Salvia miltiorrhiza in Aging‐Associated Cardiovascular Diseases

Abstract

Aging-associated cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have some risk factors that are closely related to oxidative stress. Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) has been used commonly to treat CVDs for hundreds of years in the Chinese community. We aimed to explore the effects of SM on oxidative stress in aging-associated CVDs. Through literature searches using Medicine, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, CINAHL, and Scopus databases, we found that SM not only possesses antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects but also exerts angiogenic and cardioprotective activities. SM may reduce the production of reactive oxygen species by inhibiting oxidases, reducing the production of superoxide, inhibiting the oxidative modification of low-density lipoproteins, and ameliorating mitochondrial oxidative stress. SM also increases the activities of catalase, manganese superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and coupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase. In addition, SM reduces the impact of ischemia/reperfusion injury, prevents cardiac fibrosis after myocardial infarction, preserves cardiac function in coronary disease, maintains the integrity of the blood-brain barrier, and promotes self-renewal and proliferation of neural stem/progenitor cells in stroke. However, future clinical well-designed and randomized control trials will be necessary to confirm the efficacy of SM in aging-associated CVDs.

Protein and Mitochondria Quality Control Mechanisms and Cardiac Aging

“…Furthermore, myocardial performance, especially in response to elevated myocardial oxygen demand, is diminished in older individuals, suggesting an additional energetic deficit [8,9]. Concurrent with increased fibrosis and impaired energetics, the aged myocardium displays an elevated pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory profile [10][11][12], coupled with heightened apoptosis and necrosis [13]. Because misfolded/damaged proteins accumulate during the aging process, a widely held hypothesis is that an imbalance between protein synthesis and protein degradation precipitates age-associated cardiac pathologies.…”

Shenduning Granule Attenuates Renal Injury from Oxidative Stress through the Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2/Antioxidant Response Element Pathway

“…It can regulate qi-flowing for analgesia [18], warm the spleen and stomach for arresting vomit, and promote inspiration to relieve asthma. Salvia miltiorrhiza, which can replenish blood and activate blood circulation, exhibit antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects by reducing the production of superoxide, inhibiting the oxidative modification of low-density lipoproteins, and ameliorating mitochondrial oxidative stress [19]. In TCM, it has been considered that prepared rhubarb can clear heat away and discharge turbidity, and promote blood circulation and purging.…”

Evaluation of antigenotoxic potential of salvianolic acid B with hydrogen peroxide on human peripheral blood leukocytes in vitro

“…Pretpostavljeni genoprotektivni mehanizam Sal B u pretretmanu naše studije mogao bi da bude povećanje intracelularnog antioksidativnog enzimskog kapaciteta (38). Upotreba kineske žalfije (Salvia miltiorrhiza), koja kao jedan od sastojaka ima Sal B, može da poveća aktivnost katalaze i glutation peroksidaze (39), dva enzima koja su odgovorna za konverziju vodonik-peroksida do vode i kiseonika (40).…”