Oxidative stress and changes in adenosine deaminase activity of cattle experimentally infected byFasciola hepatica

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the oxidative stress in serum and liver and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity of cattle experimentally infected by Fasciola hepatica. The group A consisted of five healthy animals (uninfected), and the group B was composed of five animals orally infected with 200 metacercariae of F. hepatica. On days 20, 40, 60 and 80 post-infection (PI) serum was collected to measure oxidative stress variables. On day 100 PI, animals were humanely euthanized and liver samples were collected. Infected animals showed lower (P < 0·05) seric ADA activities on days 40 and 60 PI but higher (P < 0·05) in the liver tissue compared with uninfected animals. Seric and hepatic reactive oxygen species (ROS) were higher (P < 0·05) in infected compared with uninfected animals. Hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were higher (P < 0·05) in infected animals. Catalase and glutathione S-transferase activities were lower in liver tissue of infected animals, while glutathione peroxidase was higher compared with uninfected (P < 0·05). In summary, we conclude that oxidative stress occurs in cattle experimentally infected by F. hepatica, mainly due to excessive ROS production in the course of fasciolosis, contributing to hepatic damage, and that increased in hepatic ADA activity may contribute to the inflammatory process.

Complementary transcriptomic and proteomic analyses reveal the cellular and molecular processes that drive growth and development of Fasciola hepatica in the host liver

“…Due to its high metabolic activity, the liver is highly susceptible to oxidative stress which is a well reported characteristic of many chronic liver diseases [ 67 ]. Oxidative stress is also a feature of fasciolosis as a result of the damage caused by the migrating parasites, the subsequent recruitment of immune cells to perforated areas and the induction of fibrogenesis to repair the damage [ 68 – 70 ]. We therefore interrogated the liver tissue microarray data from F. hepatica -infected Balb/c mice (21 dpi) generated by Rojas-Carabello et al [ 11 ] to investigate the gene transcriptional profile associated with oxidative stress (Fig.…”

Suppression of Adenosine Deaminase and Xanthine Oxidase Activities by Mineralocorticoid and Glucocorticoid Receptor Blockades Restores Renal Antioxidative Barrier in Oral Contraceptive-Treated Dam

“…Disruption in the antioxidant defense system produces oxidative stress which consequently generates the inflammatory response shown by concomitant increased ADA activity [ 53 ]. ADA, an enzyme that is a mediator in the formation of some defense cells and acts as a marker of inflammation is associated with oxidative stress [ 54 , 21 , 55 ]. Also, it has been documented that ADA amplifies the release of toxic oxygen radicals [ 56 ].…”

Autonomous Non Antioxidant Roles for Fasciola hepatica Secreted Thioredoxin-1 and Peroxiredoxin-1

“…The mammalian liver is naturally a high-metabolising organ susceptible to oxidative stress in many infectious and non-infectious chronic diseases, including hepatitis C, alcoholic liver disease and liver fibroproliferative disease ( Cichoż-Lach and Michalak, 2014 ). The elevation of metabolic stress in the liver during infection with F. hepatica is therefore not surprising since a major effort is required to recruit immune cells to damaged areas in order to minimise necrosis, repair perforated tissue and to induce fibrogenesis ( Saleh, 2008 ; Bottari et al., 2015 ; Da Silva et al., 2017 ). In contrast, the metabolic stress exerted on the parasite arises from two sources; (1) internally by the increased cellular metabolic activity and associated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) driven primarily as a result of the aerobic respiration by the rapidly growing and developing parasite, and (2) externally by the parasite’s need to respond to the general anti-pathogen ROS burst from the host’s innate immune cells.…”