“…Owing to its highly selective toxicological profile, spinosad is widely used for control of crop and amenity plants, public hygiene, and veterinary pests (Böhm et al, 2014;Mandal, Singh, Battu, & Singh, 2013;Markussen & Kristensen, 2012). There is considerable evidence that spinosad may have oxidative damage by compromise antioxidant systems, excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and induce lipid peroxidation (Ahmed 2012;Pérez-Pertejo, Reguera, Ordóñez, & Balaña-Fouce, 2008;Piner & Üner, 2013Piner & Üner, , 2014. Furthemore, several studies have reported that spinosad exposure may cause DNA fragmentation and chromosomal aberration in rats (Ahmed 2012;Mansour, Mossa, & Heikal, 2008).…”