Oxidative Stress and Antioxidative Activity in Leaves and Roots of Carrot Plants Induced by Candidatus Phytoplasma Solani

Abstract

The present study examined the effects of Candidatus Phytoplasma solani infection on antioxidative metabolism in leaves and roots of carrot (Daucus carota L.). Disease symptoms appeared at the end of June in the form of the chlorosis on some of the leaves, which became intensely red one week later, while the previously healthy leaves from the same branch becme chlorotic. A few days later, all leaves from the infected leaf branch were intensely red. Infected plants also had slower growth compared to the healthy ones with fewer leaf branches developed. The roots of infected plants were less developed, seared, or gummy with or without brown-colored root hair. The presence of the pathogen was detected by sequencing the 16S rRNA. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) BLAST analyses of the obtained sequence revealed 100% identity of tested strain with deposited Ca. Phytoplasma solani strains from various countries and hosts, all belonging to the “stolbur” group (16SrXII-A). Identity of 99.74% was found when the tested Serbian strain (MF503627) was compared with the reference stolbur strain STOL11 (AF248959). The oxidative damage of membranes in carrot cells was accompanied by a decrease in the content of photosynthetic pigments. Furthermore, for the determination of specific scavenging properties of the extracts, in vitro antioxidant assay was performed. In phytoplasma-infected carrot leaves, there was a greater reduction in the level of glutathione content (GSH); however; flavonoids and anthocyanidins seem to be responsible for the accompanied increased antioxidative capacity against hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide.

The Impact of Climate Change on the Occurrence of Diseases and Pests of Agricultural Plants and Forest Trees

“…Повећање глобалне температуре утиче на помјерање агроклиматских зона према сјеверу на сјеверној хемисфери или на више надморске висине, мијењајући тако географску дистрибуцију биљних патогена у нова подручја Bodiroga et al 2017;Perković i sar. 2017а, 2017б;Nikolić et al 2018;Tomić et al 2018;Waleron et al 2019;Popović 2020, 2021a;Marković et al 2021aMarković et al , 2021б, 2022Mitrović et al 2021;Trkulja et al 2021;Iličić et al 2022) (Almaši i sar. 2002).…”

Molecular characterization of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma solani' in celery: Case study in Futog

“…This confirms that phytoplasma infection in this crop is followed by the changes in the plant physiology possibly similar to the biochemical mechanisms researched in the case of 'Ca. P. solani'infected carrots in Serbia (Mitrović et al, 2021). Previously reported symptom of 'Ca.…”

“…P. solani' and recorded in Vojvodina as hosts of stolbur phytoplasma: parsley, carrot, tobacco, evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) etc. (Mitrović et al, 2013;Kiprovski et al, 2018;Mitrović et al, 2021). Celery (Apium graveolens L.) is biannual herbaceous plant belonging to the parsley family (fam.…”

The Effect of Biotic Stress in Plant Species Induced by ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’—An Artificial Neural Network Approach

“…Diseases caused by phytoplasmas pose a threat to agricultural production by leading to substantial losses in yield and the quality of plants. More than 600 diverse diseases have been reported worldwide, mainly on vegetable crops belonging to the families Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae, and Solanaceae [5][6][7][8]. The symptoms of diseases caused by phytoplasmas include yellowing or reddening of leaves, phyllody, stunting, virescence, shortened internodes, big bud, little leaf, witches' broom or proliferation, leaf curl, giant calyx, floral malformation, and vascular discoloration [7,9].…”

“…More than 600 diverse diseases have been reported worldwide, mainly on vegetable crops belonging to the families Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae, and Solanaceae [5][6][7][8]. The symptoms of diseases caused by phytoplasmas include yellowing or reddening of leaves, phyllody, stunting, virescence, shortened internodes, big bud, little leaf, witches' broom or proliferation, leaf curl, giant calyx, floral malformation, and vascular discoloration [7,9]. Phytoplasmas are transmitted from plant to plant by phloemfeeding insect vectors, and they propagate within the cytoplasm of both insects and plants.…”