Oxidative stress and antioxidants in interstitial lung disease

Abstract

The limited number of ILD patients necessitates multicenter trials to obtain enough power to reach clinically relevant data. The specific fibrotic toxicity of O2. might be a lead in the development of new therapies and of suggesting optimal antioxidant dietary regimes.

Phenethyl Isothiocyanate, a Dual Activator of Transcription Factors NRF2 and HSF1

“…Exposure to ROS/RNS or other chemically reactive species can damage cellular macromolecules such as DNA, proteins, and cytoskeletal structures. As a consequence, chronic oxidative stress has been implicated in cancer,10 diabetes,11 neurodegenerative,12 respiratory,13 cardiovascular,13, 14 and inflammatory15 diseases as well as aging 16. In order to protect themselves from such insults, eukaryotic cells have developed several complex mechanisms to restore cellular redox homeostasis.…”

Particulate Air Pollutants and Respiratory Diseases

“…Oxygen is readily reduced with an electron to form oxygen free radicals, such as superoxide (Bast, et al, 2010, Finkel, 2011, Comhair & Erzyrum, 2010. Superoxide takes up a second electron, leading to hydrogen peroxide, which will generate the extremely reactive hydroxyl radical in the presence of iron ions.…”

“…All molecules in the direct vicinity of the hydroxyl radical will react with this reactive form of oxygen (Bast, et al, 2010, Finkel, 2011, Comhair & Erzyrum, 2010. The various forms of oxygen are called ROS (Bast, et al, 2010). Formation of ROS takes place constantly in every cell during normal metabolic processes (Bast, et al, 2010, Finkel, 2011, Ballaban, et al, 2005, Comhair & Erzyrum, 2010.…”

“…Superoxide takes up a second electron, leading to hydrogen peroxide, which will generate the extremely reactive hydroxyl radical in the presence of iron ions. Hydroxyl radicals react very quickly with biomolecules, such as proteins, fatty acids, and DNA (Bast, et al, 2010, Finkel, 2011, Comhair & Erzyrum, 2010. All molecules in the direct vicinity of the hydroxyl radical will react with this reactive form of oxygen (Bast, et al, 2010, Finkel, 2011, Comhair & Erzyrum, 2010.…”

“…Hydroxyl radicals react very quickly with biomolecules, such as proteins, fatty acids, and DNA (Bast, et al, 2010, Finkel, 2011, Comhair & Erzyrum, 2010. All molecules in the direct vicinity of the hydroxyl radical will react with this reactive form of oxygen (Bast, et al, 2010, Finkel, 2011, Comhair & Erzyrum, 2010. The various forms of oxygen are called ROS (Bast, et al, 2010).…”