Oxidative stress and antioxidant defense responses in Acartia copepods in relation to environmental factors

Abstract

On a daily basis, planktonic organisms migrate vertically and thus experience widely varying conditions in their physico-chemical environment. In the Gulf of Finland, these changes are larger than values predicted by climate change scenarios predicted for the next century (up to 0.5 units in pH and 5°C in temperature). In this work, we are interested in how temporal variations in physico-chemical characteristics of the water column on a daily and weekly scale influence oxidative stress level and antioxidant responses in the planktonic copepod of the genus Acartia. Responses were determined from samples collected during a two-week field survey in the western Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea. Our results showed that GST (Glutathione-S-transferase) enzyme activity increased in the surface waters between Weeks I and II, indicating antioxidant defense mechanism activation. This is most likely due to elevating temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen observed between these two weeks. During Week II also GSSG (oxidized glutathione) was detected, indicating that copepods responded to stressor(s) in the environment. Our results suggest that Acartia copepods seem fairly tolerant to weekly fluctuations in environmental conditions in coastal and estuarine areas, in terms of antioxidant defense and oxidative stress. This could be directly connected to a very efficient glutathione cycling system acting as antioxidant defense system for neutralizing ROS and avoiding elevated levels of LPX.

Proteomic changes in skeletal muscle of aged rats in response to resistance training

“…It has been demonstrated that in the ageing process, oxidant production from several sources is increased, antioxidant enzymes are decreased, and the adaptive response to oxidative stress is reduced . Reactive oxygen species accumulation results in muscle abnormalities, such as a significant loss in the membrane's integrity and DNA damage .…”

“…It has been demonstrated that in the ageing process, oxidant production from several sources is increased, antioxidant enzymes are decreased, and the adaptive response to oxidative stress is reduced . Reactive oxygen species accumulation results in muscle abnormalities, such as a significant loss in the membrane's integrity and DNA damage . A relevant finding was that both trained groups presented high abundance levels of SOD when compared with sedentary groups, which is an important adaption in the first‐line defence mechanisms against oxidative stress .…”

Do males and females respond differently to ocean acidification? An experimental study with the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus

“…It is supposed that increased levels of CO 2 cause oxidative stress directly by increasing the production of ROS and/or indirectly by lowering internal pH, which may induce the release of chelated transition metals such as Fe 2+ from intracellular compartments and enhance the Fenton reaction (Tomanek et al 2011 ). Induction of oxidative stress by low pH has been scarcely investigated in marine echinoderms (Migliaccio et al 2019 ), but it was evaluated and detected in other taxa, such as marine bivalves (Tomanek et al 2011 ; Matozzo et al 2013 ; Benedetti et al 2016 ; Velez et al 2016 ; Freitas et al 2017a ; Nardi et al 2017 ; Sui et al 2017 ; Huang et al 2018 ; Munari et al 2018 ), crustaceans (Priya et al 2017 ; Rato et al 2017 ; Glippa et al 2018 ), polychaetes (Freitas et al 2017b ), gastropods (Cardoso et al 2017 ), corals (Soriano-Santiago et al 2013 ) and fish larvae (Pimentel et al 2015 ). In all these studies, the exposure to OA conditions lasted from at least 72 h to a maximum of 1 month.…”

Cyclic di-GMP Increases Catalase Production and Hydrogen Peroxide Tolerance inVibrio cholerae

“…As an aquatic organism, V. cholerae is exposed to varying concentrations of dissolved oxygen and ROS produced abiotically through photochemical reactions between sunlight and dissolved organic matter in the ocean (2, 3). ROS can also be produced biotically through metabolic processes in aerobic environments by phytoplankton, another potential reservoir of V. cholerae (4).…”