Oxidative Stress and Alterations of Paraoxonases in Atopic Dermatitis

Abstract

Background: previous studies reported the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation in the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases. The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between oxidative stress and inflammation in children affected by atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disease. Methods: levels of lipid hydroperoxides, total antioxidant capacity, and activities of the enzymes myeloperoxidase (MPO), PON1, and PON2/3 were investigated in 56 atopic pediatric patients, and compared with 48 sex-/age-matched healthy controls. Results: significantly higher levels of lipid hydroperoxides and lower values of total antioxidant potential were observed in the serum of AD children compared to that of the controls. Significant lower PON1 activities, and a significant increase in levels of MPO were observed in serum of patients, with a higher serum MPO level/PON1 paraoxonase activity ratio in patients compared to that in the controls. Significantly lower lactonase activity of PON enzymes was observed in polymorphonuclear cells isolated from AD patients. Statistically negative correlation was established between the activity of intracellular PON2/3 activity and ROS levels. Conclusions: our data confirmed that AD is associated with higher oxidative damage and a decrease in antioxidant defense. Moreover, alterations of extracellular and intracellular PON activity can promote lipoprotein dysfunction in AD patients.

Oxidative Stress and Gut Microbiome in Inflammatory Skin Diseases

“…A recent study from 56 children diagnosed with atopic dermatitis showed significantly higher lipid hydroperoxide and myeloperoxidase levels. In comparison, a lower serum level of the total antioxidant potential value indicates AD might be associated with increased oxidative stress reactions and decreased antioxidant defense ( Simonetti et al, 2021 ). An observational study recruiting 31 children with AD demonstrated that the mean and total sulfhydryl concentrations were lower than those in the control group ( p = 0.012; 0.047), while the average concentration of disulfide, SS/SH, SS/total SH, SH/total SH were significantly higher than those of healthy infants ( p < 0.05), which suggested that the higher antioxidant defense level of AD infants ( Karacan et al, 2020 ).…”

Thiol-Disulfide Homeostasis in Skin Diseases

“…A negative correlation was observed between intracellular PON2/3 activity and intracellular ROS levels. Impaired extracellular and intracellular PON activity can induce lipoprotein dysfunction in AD [ 78 ]. There are several studies that have identified high levels of oxidative stress markers in the serum of patients with AD [ 79 , 80 , 81 ].…”

Tomatoes: An Extensive Review of the Associated Health Impacts of Tomatoes and Factors That Can Affect Their Cultivation

“…Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disease that can affect up to 25% of children within a diverse paediatric population [ 302 ]. Symptoms can include itching and scratching, dry skin, patchy eczema, exudation, and skin thickening and discolouration [ 302 ].…”

“…Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disease that can affect up to 25% of children within a diverse paediatric population [ 302 ]. Symptoms can include itching and scratching, dry skin, patchy eczema, exudation, and skin thickening and discolouration [ 302 ]. Although the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of AD have not been fully elucidated, the chronically inflamed skin of patients with AD plays a key role in pathogenesis, with the overproduction of ROS and a decrease in antioxidant defence [ 302 ].…”

“…Symptoms can include itching and scratching, dry skin, patchy eczema, exudation, and skin thickening and discolouration [ 302 ]. Although the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of AD have not been fully elucidated, the chronically inflamed skin of patients with AD plays a key role in pathogenesis, with the overproduction of ROS and a decrease in antioxidant defence [ 302 ]. Sapuntsova et al have reported that levels of ROS were significantly higher in the skin biopsies in AD patients compared to those of controls [ 303 ].…”