Oxidative storm in a patient with acute rotenone-containing plant poisoning

Pachyrhizus toxicity: Genetic variability of mature and immature seeds and its effects on Sclerotium rolfsii and Ralstonia solanacearum

“…It suggests immature seeds to have a toxic action. This toxicity was observed on humans who had eaten 40 to 100 cooked Pachyrhizus immature seeds (Yu et al, 2020;Narongchai et al, 2005;Silva et al, 2016). They had diarrhea, dyspnea, unconsciousness or death (Silva et al, 2016).…”

“…However, little importance has been given to its seeds, stem and leaves toxic properties. Currently, toxicity is known to be more highly concentrated in seeds and, tests on living beings have shown toxicity to be present on cells in vitro (Estrella-Parra et al, 2014), humans (Sorensen, 1996;Yu et al, 2020), insects (Bejar et al, 2000), mites (Bejar et al, 2000)), fungi (Barrera-Necha et al, 2004), fishes (Sorensen, 1996), and viruses (Phrutivorapongkul et al, 2002). This bean's seeds hold 20 iso-flavonoids, mainly rotenoids, with rotenone (Bejar et al, 2000), showing to be the most toxic one among them.…”

“…In humans, orally, LD50 ranges from 300 to 500 mg kg -1 body weight (Gonzalez-Coloma et al, 2010). Reports of accidental poisoning in humans have been observed when 40 to 80 fresh seeds are eaten (Yu et al, 2020;Fu and Wang, 2012). Only death was observed when 100 seeds were eaten (Narongchai et al, 2005).…”

Acute rotenone poisoning: A scoping review

“…In Asia and South America where some of these plants are commonly used as food (for succinctness, we referred to vegetables as “plants” in this manuscript), familiarity with the plants allows people to separate poisonous from edible plant or plant parts. For instance, yam bean roots are safe for human consumption but its fruits and seeds are poisonous [ [1] , [2] , [3] , [4] ]; M . pachycarpa is wholly poisonous and accidental poisoning has occurred after eating its fruits, which can be misidentified as other edible fruits, such as tamarind [ 5 ].…”

Pachyrhizus spp. seed extracts control the Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. mycelial growth

“…This genus holds three cultivated (Pachyrhizus tuberosus, Pachyrhizus erosus, and Pachyrhizus ahipa) and two wild (Pachyrhizus ferrugineus and Pachyrhizus panamensis) species (Bastidas, 1998). These plants are characterized by bearing toxic seeds, unfit for human (Yu et al, 2020) or animal feeding, the main metabolite of which is rotenone (Estrella-Parra et al, 2014;Upegui et al, 2014;Catteau et al, 2013) whose concentration ranges from 0.11 to 0.28% in dry matter (Lautie et al, 2012). This substance inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain by blocking the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), leading to cell death (Catteau et al, 2013).…”