Oxidative Potential Induced by Ambient Particulate Matters with Acellular Assays: A Review

Abstract

Acellular assays of oxidative potential (OP) induced by ambient particulate matters (PMs) are of great significance in screening for toxicity in PMs. In this review, several typical OP measurement techniques, including the respiratory tract lining fluid assay (RTLF), ascorbate depletion assay (AA), dithiothreitol assay (DTT), chemiluminescent reductive acridinium triggering (CRAT), dichlorofluorescin assay (DCFH) and electron paramagnetic/spin resonance assay (EPR/ESR) are discussed and their sensitivity to different PMs species composition, PMs size distribution and seasonality is compared. By comparison, the DTT assay tends to be the preferred method providing a more comprehensive measurement with transition metals and quinones accumulated in the fine PMs fraction. Specific transition metals (i.e., Mn, Cu, Fe) and quinones are found to contribute OPDTT directly whereas the redox properties of PMs species may be changed by the interactions between themselves. The selection of the appropriate OP measurement methods and the accurate analysis of the relationship between the methods and PM components is conducive to epidemiological researches which are related with oxidative stress induced by PMs exposure.

Seasonal and Spatial Variations of PM10 and PM2.5 Oxidative Potential in Five Urban and Rural Sites across Lombardia Region, Italy

“…Although the specific mechanisms of PM-induced health effects are still largely unknown, there is increasing consensus that they involve oxidative stress through the generation of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or inadequate antioxidant defenses [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Thus, the oxidative potential, representing the capacity of PM to oxidize molecules generating ROS, has been suggested as a representative metric of PM toxicity related to oxidative stress [11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

Ameliorative Effect of Citrus junos Tanaka Waste (By-Product) Water Extract on Particulate Matter 10-Induced Lung Damage

“…PMs are composed of carbon cores and several soluble and insoluble components including acids, organic chemicals, metals, endotoxins, pollen, and fungal debris on their surface [ 34 ]. Therefore, the underlying mechanisms by which PM exerts its biological effects are complex.…”

The role of airborne particles and environmental considerations in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2

“…However, the respiratory aerosol is different from an ambient aerosol defined in atmospheric science where it generally refers to the suspension system of solid particles, liquid particles, or both of them in a gaseous medium ( Tang et al, 2006 , Freney et al, 2010 ). Ambient aerosol is considered potentially harmful to human health as it can contain not only hazardous elements and chemicals ( Shao et al, 2017 , Feng et al, 2020 , Rao et al, 2020 ), but also pathogens such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses ( Han et al, 2021 ). Airborne fine particles (PM 2.5 ) are considered of greater health significance with their large surface area and strong adsorption capability ( Ding and Zhu, 2003 , Shao et al, 2018 ).…”

“…Studies have shown that the high infection rate of COVID-19 is related to poor air quality ( Cazzolla Gatti et al, 2020 , Coccia, 2020 , Conticini et al, 2020 ). Air pollution can cause inflammations, cell damage, and respiratory diseases ( Shao et al, 2017 , Feng et al, 2020 , Rao et al, 2020 , Wang et al, 2021 ). High concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can cause health risks ( Yan et al, 2015 ).…”