Oxidative metabolism of rotenone in mammals, fish, and insects and its relation to selective toxicity

Fukami, Jun-ichi; Shishido, Takashi; Fukunaga, Kimitoshi; Casida, John E.

doi:10.1021/jf60166a048

Cited by 94 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…It has also been used as a general insecticide for treatment of agricultural crops and livestock, and since the 1930s as a tool in fish management in North America (FINLAY-SON et al, 2000). Rotenone is highly toxic to fish and certain invertebrates (FUKAMI et al, 1969), inhibiting biochemical processes at the cellular level, and thereby blocking the utilization of absorbed oxygen required for metabolism. The time needed for natural degradation of rotenone by hydrolysis is primarily governed by temperature (DAWSON et al, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Rotenone Treatment on Lotic Invertebrates

Kjærstad

Arnekleiv

2011

International Review of Hydrobiology

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Two rivers in Norway were treated with rotenone in an effort to eradicate the salmon parasite, Gyrodactylus salaris. Rotenone induced an immediate catastrophic invertebrate drift, mainly of dead individuals. The response to rotenone with respect to degree and timing varied widely. Baetis rhodani, Isoperla sp. and Rhyacophila nubila displayed a strong increase in drift densities early in the treatment. Baetis niger, Ameletus inopinatus, Heptagenia sp. and Agapetus ochripes showed a delayed response. Ephemerella aurivillii, E. mucronata, Taeniopteryx nebulosa and Elmis aenea drifted at low densities throughout the treatment. Early larval instar tended to be more sensitive to rotenone than later instar, and the toxic effect of rotenone tended to increase with increasing water temperature.Different taxa were exposed to rotenone under similar conditions during in situ aquarium experiments. Despite different habitat preferences, which could lead to different exposure to rotenone, the response-patterns in the in situ aquarium experiments for the particular taxa was similar to those observed in the drift samples.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Rotenone Treatment on Lotic Invertebrates

Kjærstad

Arnekleiv

2011

International Review of Hydrobiology

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“…Reasons for such variation in sensitivity may reside in differences in the levels of liver enzymes responsible for the chemical breakdown or detoxification of rotenone. Fukami et al (1969) examined the detoxification of radiolabelled rotenone by liver enzymes in carp. Rotenone was rapidly detoxified to a variety of hydroxylated rotenoids and more water-soluble products with toxicities at least one to two orders of magnitude less than the parent rotenone.…”

Section: S P E C I E S T E S T T E M P L E T H a L E N D P O I N T mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Approximately 20% of the oral dose (and probably most of the absorbed dose) is excreted within 24 hours (Ray 1991); around 80% as water soluble products with the remainder as hydroxylated rotenoids (Fukami et al 1969). …”

Section: M E T a B O L I C F A T E O F R O T E N O N E I N H I G H mentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity effects of oral gavage of aqueous solutions of cube-root powder and sodium nitrite in common carp

Morgan

Kumar²,

Ling

et al. 2013

Wildl. Res.

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Context Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is a highly invasive freshwater pest fish that has been linked to waterway degradation when it has been introduced and exists at high densities. The deployment of a toxic bait may be a logistically simple tool that wildlife managers could use to reduce carp populations. Rotenone, the piscicide most commonly used in previous attempts to produce a carp bait is very expensive, albeit highly toxic to carp. We investigated the toxicity of two potential alternative piscicides to carp. Aim To determine the oral toxicity of two alternative cheaper toxins to carp, cube-root powder (CRP) and sodium nitrite (nitrite). Methods CRP or nitrite was administered in an aqueous solution by gavage to lightly sedated captive carp. The aqueous solution consisted of a 30 : 70 mixture (w/w) of the surfactant, Polysorbate 80, to increase the absorption of toxins through the intestine, and water. Key results The LD50 of CRP and nitrite in carp was 135.7 mg kg–1 and 122.0 mg kg–1, respectively. Conclusions Both CRP and nitrite are toxic to carp at dose rates low enough to be incorporated into a piscicide bait for this species. Implications Both CRP and nitrite appear to be viable alternative oral piscicides to rotenone for carp and warrant further investigation of delivery in bait.

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“…The oxidized products of the MFO system are more polar than the highly lipid soluble substrates and can be disch?rged from body tissues by diffusion across ~embranes or conjugation with serum components and excretion. High levels of these enzymes have been shown to confer resistance to insecticides and hydrocarbons in insects, freshwater fish, and mamals (Fukami, et al, 1969). Qualitative evidence for the presence of the MFO system in marine invertebrates was given by Corner, et aL.…”

Section: Acknowledgemen Tsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of hydrocarbons in a salt marsh ecosystem after an oil spill and physiological changes in marsh animals from the polluted environment

Burns¹

1975

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Oxidative metabolism of rotenone in mammals, fish, and insects and its relation to selective toxicity

Cited by 94 publications

References 19 publications

Effects of Rotenone Treatment on Lotic Invertebrates

Effects of Rotenone Treatment on Lotic Invertebrates

Toxicity effects of oral gavage of aqueous solutions of cube-root powder and sodium nitrite in common carp

Distribution of hydrocarbons in a salt marsh ecosystem after an oil spill and physiological changes in marsh animals from the polluted environment

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