Oxidative metabolism may be associated with negative symptoms in schizophrenia

Abstract

Objective: In the present study, we aimed to examine the relationship between the oxidative metabolism with disease severity, sociodemographic, and clinical characteristics in the patients with schizophrenia. Methods: Seventy-one patients with schizophrenia and 76 healthy volunteers were included in the study. Plasma total antioxidant level (TAL) and total oxidant level (TOL) were analyzed, and oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated.Results: There was a statistically significant increase in TOL and OSI and decrease in TAL in the patients with schizophrenia compared to the controls (p < .05). There were positive, mild, statistically significant correlations between TOL, OSI, and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale-Total scores (p = .01, p = .01, respectively), Positive and Negative Syndrome ScaleNegative scores (p = .002, p = .001, respectively), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale Global Psychopathology scores (p = .03, p = .03, respectively), and Clinical Global ImpressionSeverity Scale scores (p = .008, p = .009 respectively). OSI levels were significantly lower in the patients who were on treatment with atypical antipsychotics (AAP) compared to the patients who were on typical antipsychotics (TAP) and combined antipsychotic (CAP) agents (p = .032). Conclusions: Oxidative stress was higher in schizophrenia patients. The increased severity of negative symptoms was in line with the disruption in oxidative balance. Oxidative stress is quite lower in AAP users compared to the TAP and CAP users. One of the mechanisms underlying the fact that AAPs are more effective on negative symptoms than typical agents may be the positive effect on the oxidative stress.ARTICLE HISTORY

Cannabis Use Induces Distinctive Proteomic Alterations in Olfactory Neuroepithelial Cells of Schizophrenia Patients

“…Its downregulation may lead to respiratory chain dysfunctions causing mitochondrial oxidative stress [40], which has been observed in postmortem brain samples from SCZ patients [41,42]. Moreover, lower levels of YARS2 could be correlated with worse attention performance, consistent with previous studies reporting that an oxidative imbalance increases negative symptoms' severity in SCZ patients [43]. Once more, cannabis use seems to counteract the molecular changes in YARS2 in ON cells of SCZ/c, hypothetically via CB 1 receptors expressed in the mitochondrial membranes [44], which have been proven to modulate respiration in this organelle [45].…”

The Augmentation Effect of N-Acetyl Cysteine Antioxidant on Superoxide Dismutase Levels in Schizophrenic Patients Treated with Risperidone

“…However, there is no correlation between the duration of the disease and the levels of antioxidants found. Gunnes et al state that oxidative stress is higher in schizophrenic patients than controls in which an increase in negative symptom severity coincided with damage to oxidative balance [4]. Oxidative stress was lower in patients using atypical antipsychotics than the one with typical antipsychotics and antipsychotics combination.…”

“…Many studies have examined the role of oxidative stress in pathogenesis, progression, and treatment of psychiatric disorders. One important factor that plays a role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia is the excessive production of free radical substances and the failure of the anti-oxidant defense process [4].…”

The Difference in Negative Scale Score Measured with Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale in Schizophrenic Male Patient Treated with Risperidone in Addition to Vitamin E and Treated with Risperidone Alone at Prof. Dr. M. Ildrem Mental Hospital Medan

“…A number of studies have continuously investigated the etiology of schizophrenia, one of which is the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Oxidative stress occurs due to an imbalance in the oxidative mechanism as a result of increased levels of oxidants and decreased levels of antioxidants [5]. Free radicals, which are normally generated as a waste from metabolic processes, are highly reactive, leading membrane dysfunction.…”