Oxidative injury is involved in fipronil-induced G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cell line

Fipronil induces apoptosis through caspase-dependent mitochondrial pathways in Drosophila S2 cells

“…High dosages of fipronil exposure induce cytotoxicity and apoptosis in the cultured insect cells and mammalian cells, such as Sf9 [10], hepatocyte [6], SH-5Y5Y [5] and human epithelial Caco-2 cells [7]. After Sf9 cells exposure to fipronil (400 μg/mL) for 48 h, the proliferation inhibitory rates are 59.10 ± 1.57% and the proportion of apoptotic cells are increased from 4.48 ± 0.52% (normal) to 19.75 ± 1.01% [10]. SH-SY5Y cells treaded with 50 uM fipronil for 24 h exhibits approximately 50% cell death and 25% apoptosis [5].…”

“…The effect of Fipronil on the viability of S2 cells was determined by MTT bioassays [10]. In this assay, the yellow tetrazolium salt MTT was used as a substrate and reduced into purple formazan by mitochondrial succinate-dehydrogenase in viable cells only.…”

“…Although the toxicological profiles of fipronil in insect cells remains unclear and requires further investigation, recent research may provide helpful clues. Wang et al pointed out that fipronil was cytotoxic to the Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cell line and induced G2/M cell cycle arrest [10]. Western blotting showed that fipronil treatment reduced pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein expression and increased the release of Cytochrome c and the protein level of caspase 3, which confirmed that fipronil induced Sf9 cell apoptosis.…”

In Vitro Genotoxicity of Fipronil Sister Chromatid Exchange, Cytokinesis Block Micronucleus Test, and Comet Assay

“…Similar to our results, high cellular toxicity (decrease in MI) was recently reported in other cell culture models. Wang et al (2013) used the insect cells (Sf9) derived from Spodoptera frugiperda pupal ovarian cells as an in vitro model. They reported that FPN was cytotoxic to Sf9 cells with a time-and concentration-dependent response.…”

Firpronil induced spermotoxicity is associated with oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis in male rats

“…Despite its apparently favourable toxicological profile for mammals, FPN may have adverse effects independent on non-neuronal sites like liver, thyroid and affect reproductive function [12,18,19,20] in non-target species. Furthermore, exposure of FPN on in vitro models of different cell lines induces apoptosis, mediated by increased generation of reactive oxygen species, that is, through oxidative stress [21,22]. In addition, FPN induced a statistically significant increase in the micronuclei and sister chromatid exchange frequency and DNA damage in a dose-dependent manner in human peripheral blood lymphocytes [23].…”