Oxidative Injury in the Brain of mice Caused by Lanthanid

Zhao, Haiquan; Cheng, Zhe; Hu, Renping; Chen, Jie; Hong, Mengmeng; Zhou, Min; Gong, Xiaolan; Wang, Ling; Hong, Fashui

doi:10.1007/s12011-010-8759-1

Cited by 49 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…compared the toxicity of lanthanum chloride, cerium chloride, neodymium chloride, lanthanum oxide, cerium oxide, and neodymium chloride in a cell culture system (8). Comparative toxicity studies of lanthanum and other REEs have also been conducted in vivo systems (9-12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of Two Different Sized Lanthanum Oxides in Cultured Cells and Sprague-Dawley Rats

Lim¹

2015

Toxicological Research

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In recent years, the use of both nano- and micro-sized lanthanum has been increasing in the production of optical glasses, batteries, alloys, etc. However, a hazard assessment has not been performed to determine the degree of toxicity of lanthanum. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the toxicity of both nano- and micro-sized lanthanum oxide in cultured cells and rats. After identifying the size and the morphology of lanthanum oxides, the toxicity of two different sized lanthanum oxides was compared in cultured RAW264.7 cells and A549 cells. The toxicity of the lanthanum oxides was also analyzed using rats. The half maximal inhibitory concentrations of micro-La2O3 in the RAW264.7 cells, with and without sonication, were 17.3 and 12.7 times higher than those of nano-La2O3, respectively. Similar to the RAW264.7 cells, the toxicity of nano-La2O3 was stronger than that of micro-La2O3 in the A549 cells. We found that nano-La2O3 was absorbed in the lungs more and was eliminated more slowly than micro-La2O3. At a dosage that did not affect the body weight, numbers of leukocytes, and concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase and albumin in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids, the weight of the lungs increased. Inflammatory effects on BAL decreased over time, but lung weight increased and the proteinosis of the lung became severe over time. The effects of particle size on the toxicity of lanthanum oxides in rats were less than in the cultured cells. In conclusion, smaller lanthanum oxides were more toxic in the cultured cells, and sonication decreased their size and increased their toxicity. The smaller-sized lanthanum was absorbed more into the lungs and caused more toxicity in the lungs. The histopathological symptoms caused by lanthanum oxide in the lungs did not go away and continued to worsen until 13 weeks after the initial exposure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of Two Different Sized Lanthanum Oxides in Cultured Cells and Sprague-Dawley Rats

Lim¹

2015

Toxicological Research

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“…However, whether 4f electronic shell and alterable valence characteristics of Ln exert special toxicity on animals has not been carefully investigated. Recently, our researches showed that exposure to Ln damaged spleen, lung, liver, and brain of mice, which was greatest in Ce 3+ treatment, medium in Nd 3+ treatment, and least in La 3+ treatment [11][12][13][14][15]. However, little is known about the effects of Ln on several organs damages simultaneously.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organ Histopathological Changes and its Function Damage in Mice Following Long-term Exposure to Lanthanides Chloride

Cheng

Cai

et al. 2011

Biol Trace Elem Res

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Due to increasing applications of lanthanides (Ln) in industry and daily life, numerous studies confirmed that Ln exposure may result in organ damages in mice and rats, while very few studies focused on several organs damages simultaneously. In order to compare the toxicity of Ln on organs, mice were exposed to LaCl(3), CeCl(3), and NdCl(3) of a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight for consecutive 60 days, respectively, then histopathological changes of liver, kidney, and heart, and their function were investigated. The results showed that long-term exposure to Ln caused cell necrosis and basophilia of liver, ambiguity of renal tubule architecture, congestion of blood vessel and capillary of kidney, and heart hemorrhage. The histopathological changes of liver, kidney, and heart in mice caused by Ce(3+) was most severe; the effect by Nd(3+) was slighter than Ce(3+) but more severe than La(3+). The assay of serum biochemical parameters suggested that Ln exposure severely impaired the functions of liver, kidney, and myocardium in mice. These findings suggested that long-term exposure to Ln resulted in histopathological changes of liver, kidney, and heart, and their function damages. Therefore, we thought that long-term application of the products containing Ln on human should be cautious.

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“…Gibson and Duffy indicated that hypoxia induces a reduction of memory and judgment that is associated with a decrease in acetylcholine synthesis [41]. Earlier study has shown that Ln 3+ could alter the AChE activity in the rat brain [15,19], and the AChE activity in the rat brain decreased at 3 h and recovered to normal at 24 h after intraperitoneal injection of Ce(NO 3 ) 3 [42]. Therefore, the Ach level would also be influenced by AChE modulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NO plays dual function as a free radical and signal molecule of neurotransmitter in organisms [44][45][46]. Because of the existence of ROS in the mouse brain after Ln 3+ exposure [15], NO could be oxidized to peroxynitrite (ONOO−) radical to cause the damaged neurons, as found in the pathological observations (Fig. 4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our previous studies demonstrated that abdominal exposure to La 3+ , Ce 3+ , and Nd 3+ at dose of 20 mg/kg BW for 14 days caused oxidative stress in the mouse spleen, liver, brain, and hepatic inflammatory responses. Among the three treatments, the Ce 3+ -treated group exhibited the most severe damage, next in the Nd 3+ -treated group, and the least in the La 3+ -treated group [13][14][15][16]. However, these studies did not refer to the neurotoxicity of cerium under this dosage.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Toxicological Effects in Brain of Mice Following Exposure to Cerium Chloride

Zhao

Cheng

et al. 2011

Biol Trace Elem Res

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Cerium (Ce) compounds are now widely applied in medicine, agriculture, animal breeding, and daily life; however, the effects of Ce on human body, especially on the central nervous system, are still unclear. In order to investigate whether Ce exposure cause neurotoxicological effects, ICR mice were exposed to CeCl(3) through intragastric administration at 0, 2, 10, and 20 mg/kg body weight doses everyday for 60 days. The behaviors of spatial recognition memory, brain histopathology, the brain elements and neurochemicals, as well as enzymes activities in mice were determined. The Y-maze test showed that CeCl(3) exposure could significantly impair the behaviors of spatial recognition memory. Specifically, in these Ln(3+)-treated mice, the contents of Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe, and Zn in brain were significantly altered, the activities of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, Ca(2+)-ATPase, Ca(2+)/Mg(2+)-ATPase, acetylcholine esterase, and nitric oxide synthase were significantly inhibited; monoamines neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine, dopamine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine were significantly decreased, while the contents of acetylcholine, glutamate, and nitric oxide were significantly increased. These results indicated that CeCl(3) exposure could impair the learning ability, which is attributed to the disturbance of the homeostasis of trace elements, enzymes, and neurotransmitter systems in the mouse brain. Therefore, our study aroused the attention of Ln application and long-term exposure effects.

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Oxidative Injury in the Brain of mice Caused by Lanthanid

Cited by 49 publications

References 45 publications

Toxicity of Two Different Sized Lanthanum Oxides in Cultured Cells and Sprague-Dawley Rats

Toxicity of Two Different Sized Lanthanum Oxides in Cultured Cells and Sprague-Dawley Rats

Organ Histopathological Changes and its Function Damage in Mice Following Long-term Exposure to Lanthanides Chloride

The Toxicological Effects in Brain of Mice Following Exposure to Cerium Chloride

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