Oxidative Dry-Reforming of Biogas: Reactor Design and SOFC System Integration

Jahn, Matthias; Heddrich, Marc P.; Weder, Aniko; Reichelt, Erik; Lange, Rüdiger

doi:10.1002/ente.200007

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Apart from methane and CO 2 , nitrogen, H 2 S, and NH 3 are produced. 1,11,12 On the basis of these facts, for the sake of simplification, we assume that biogas is mainly methane, CO 2 , H 2 S, NH 3 , and N 2 . The first stage consists of removing H 2 S. A bed of Fe 2 O 3 operating at 298−373 K is used.…”

Section: Overall Process Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Process Operation for Biogas Reforming to Methanol: Effects of Dry Reforming and Biogas Composition

Hernández

Martı́n

2016

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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We optimized the operation of the process that reforms biogas with CO 2 and/or steam for the production of methanol using a mathematical optimization approach. The raw biogas is cleaned up before reforming. Part of the biogas is used to provide energy for the process. Next, the unreacted hydrocarbons and CO 2 are removed. Subsequently, syngas composition may be adjusted, using either water gas shift reaction or membrane-pressure swift adsorption. Finally, methanol is synthesized. The process is modeled using mass and energy balances, chemical and phase equilibria, and rules of thumb. The problem is formulated as an NLP problem with simultaneous heat integration for the optimal biogas composition and methanol production. Two objective functions are considered: a simplified production cost and an environmental one developed based on carbon footprint. Biogas is expected to have around 50−52% of CH 4 and 45−47% of CO 2 , depending on the objective function. The production cost of methanol is $1.75/gal, for a plant size that uses 10% of the potential biogas to be produced in Madrid, Spain, with an investment of $46 MM.

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Section: Overall Process Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Process Operation for Biogas Reforming to Methanol: Effects of Dry Reforming and Biogas Composition

Hernández

Martı́n

2016

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…62 They were also applied for the oxidation of CO in the afterburner of a solid oxide fuel cell system. 63 Another possible practical application of catalytic-coated foams is the after treatment of exhaust in automobiles 64 or for the removal of soot from diesel exhaust gas. 65,66 In this field of application, honeycomb structures are mainly used due to their favorable pressure drop behavior and their resilience to vibrations.…”

Section: B Catalytic Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalization of open-celled foams by homogeneous slurry based coatings

et al. 2013

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A new technol. to coat open-celled foams homogeneously by using a vertical centrifuge and shear-thinning slurries is presented. The technol. is exemplified by a complex multilayer-coated foam for catalytic applications (Fig. 3). Furthermore, a new calcn. model for the estn. of coating thickness and for quality assessment is introduced and proved by comparing the calcd. and exptl. data. Based on these results, various material combinations are shown, e.g., layers made of rough particles, zeolites, activated carbon, γ-Al2O3, perovskites, mullite, and yttria-alumina-garnet on SiC-, Al2O3-, or cordierite foams. Theses "functionalized foams" can be used for a wide variety of practical applications, e.g., as adsorbents and catalysts in environmental engineering, as preforms for metal ma trix composites, and for special purpose applications that require corrosion and oxidn. resistance

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“…SOFCs' operation on biogas along with their potential utilization for biogas-CHP have been extensively studied, and the relevant research has been repeatedly reviewed [5,18]. The relevant research has focused on SOFCs' operating conditions [22], biogas pre-reforming [23], the impurities effect on the activity of the anode [24][25][26] and prototype testing [12,27,28], including the combined processes of artificial biogas desulfurization, pre-reforming and SOFC short stacks [29]. The CO 2 content of biogas is generally considered to assist the internal reforming of its CH 4 content within the SOFC's anode and to only slightly affect the SOFC's performance [9,19,27,30,31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Feasibility of Power/Heat Cogeneration by Biogas–Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) Integrated Systems

et al. 2022

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Based upon the thermodynamic simulation of a biogas-SOFC integrated process and the costing of its elements, the present work examines the economic feasibility of biogas-SOFCs for combined heat and power (CHP) generation, by the comparison of their economic performance against the conventional biogas-CHP with internal combustion engines (ICEs), under the same assumptions. As well as the issues of process scale and an SOFC’s cost, examined in the literature, the study brings up the determinative effects of: (i) the employed SOFC size, with respect to its operational point, as well as (ii) the feasibility criterion, on the feasibility assessment. Two plant capacities were examined (250 m3·h−1 and 750 m3·h−1 biogas production), and their feasibilities were assessed by the Internal Rate of Return (IRR), the Net Present Value (NPV) and the Pay Back Time (PBT) criteria. For SOFC costs at 1100 and 2000 EUR·kWel−1, foreseen in 2035 and 2030, respectively, SOFCs were found to increase investment (by 2.5–4.5 times, depending upon a plant’s capacity and the SOFC’s size) and power generation (by 13–57%, depending upon the SOFC’s size), the latter increasing revenues. SOFC-CHP exhibits considerably lower IRRs (5.3–13.4% for the small and 16.8–25.3% for the larger plant), compared to ICE-CHP (34.4%). Nonetheless, according to NPV that does not evaluate profitability as a return on investment, small scale biogas-SOFCs (NPVmax: EUR 3.07 M) can compete with biogas-ICE (NPV: EUR 3.42 M), for SOFCs sized to operate at 70% of the maximum power density (MPD) and with a SOFC cost of 1100 EUR·kWel−1, whereas for larger plants, SOFC-CHP can lead to considerably higher NPVs (EUR 12.5–21.0 M) compared to biogas-ICE (EUR 9.3 M). Nonetheless, PBTs are higher for SOFC-CHP (7.7–11.1 yr and 4.2–5.7 yr for the small and the large plant, respectively, compared to 2.3 yr and 3.1 yr for biogas-ICE) because the criterion suppresses the effect of SOFC-CHP-increased revenues to a time period shorter than the plant’s lifetime. Finally, the economics of SOFC-CHP are optimized for SOFCs sized to operate at 70–82.5% of their MPD, depending upon the SOFC cost and the feasibility criterion. Overall, the choice of the feasibility criterion and the size of the employed SOFC can drastically affect the economic evaluation of SOFC-CHP, whereas the feasibility criterion also determines the economically optimum size of the employed SOFC.

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Oxidative Dry-Reforming of Biogas: Reactor Design and SOFC System Integration

Cited by 4 publications

References 48 publications

Optimal Process Operation for Biogas Reforming to Methanol: Effects of Dry Reforming and Biogas Composition

Optimal Process Operation for Biogas Reforming to Methanol: Effects of Dry Reforming and Biogas Composition

Functionalization of open-celled foams by homogeneous slurry based coatings

Economic Feasibility of Power/Heat Cogeneration by Biogas–Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) Integrated Systems

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