Oxidative DNA damage & repair: An introduction

Abstract

This introductory article should be viewed as a prologue to the Free Radical Biology & Medicine Special Issue devoted to the important topic of Oxidatively Damaged DNA and its Repair. This special issue is dedicated to Professor Tomas Lindahl, co-winner of the 2015 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his seminal discoveries in the area repair of oxidatively damaged DNA. In the past several years it has become abundantly clear that DNA oxidation is a major consequence of life in an oxygen-rich environment. Concomitantly, survival in the presence of oxygen, with the constant threat of deleterious DNA mutations and deletions, has largely been made possible through the evolution of a vast array of DNA repair enzymes. The articles in this Oxidatively Damaged DNA & Repair special issue detail the reactions by which intracellular DNA is oxidatively damaged, and the enzymatic reactions and pathways by which living organisms survive such assaults by repair processes.

Tissue aging: the integration of collective and variant responses of cells to entropic forces over time

“…Oxidation, especially by oxidizing by-products of aerobic metabolism, such as the hydroxyl radical[3]. …”

O Dano ao DNA na Insuficiência Cardíaca Crônica: Consequências Além do Coração

“…Esse cenário favorece a oxidação de biomoléculas (lipídios, proteínas, DNA), resultando em dano estrutural e funcional das mesmas, ou seja, contribuindo para desfechos patológicos significativos. 4 A pesquisa publicada neste número dos Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia teve como objetivo avaliar o dano ao DNA em diferentes tecidos, como o ventrículo esquerdo, os pulmões e os músculos esqueléticos (diafragma, gastrocnêmio e sóleo) em ratos submetidos ao IM para induzir a ICC. 5 O interesse dos autores em avaliar a influência dessa patologia sobre outros tecidos é muito relevante, pois mostra as consequências desse quadro em outros órgãos além do coração.…”

Photomutagenicity of chlorpromazine and its N-demethylated metabolites assessed by NGS

“…These agents can induce chemical transformations leading to the most common DNA lesions: base and sugar modifications, alkylation, single strand breaks (ssb) generated by oxidation, and spontaneous hydrolysis. In this context, cells have developed several DNA-repair pathways; however, if damaged DNA is not properly repaired, DNA lesions may lead to permanent mutations in the genetic code as a consequence of the change in the sequence of base pairs [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] . For detecting genotoxicity in single cells, a very versatile, sensitive and well-established technique is the single-cell gel electrophoresis or COMET assay [8][9][10][11] .…”