Oxidative destruction of biomolecules by gasoline engine exhaust products and detoxifying effects of the three-way catalytic converter

Abstract

Aqueous solutions of engine exhaust condensation products were derived from cars powered by diesel or four-stroke gasoline engines (with and without three-way catalytic converter). The cars were operated on a static test platform. Samples of the different exhaust solutions accumulated in a Grimmer-type distillation trap (VDI 3872) during standard test programs (Federal Test Procedure) were incubated with important biomolecules. As indicators of reactive oxygen species or oxidative destruction, ascorbic acid, cysteine, glutathione, serum albumin, the enzymes glycerinaldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase and xanthine oxidase, and the oxygen free-radical indicator keto-methylthiobutyrate were used. During and after the incubations, oxygen activation (consumption) and oxidative destruction were determined. Comparison of the oxidative activities of the different types of exhaust condensates clearly showed that the exhaust condensate derived from the four-stroke car equipped with a three-way catalytic converter exhibited by far the lowest oxidative and destructive power.

Stress and Stress Coping in Cultivated Plants

“…Blaurock et al (1992) of the Botanical Institute of the Munich Technical University have shown that the exhaust condensate derived from a fourstroke car engine equipped with a three-way catalytic converter as compared to other different types of exhaust converters, exhibited by far the lowest oxidative and destructive power. Blaurock et al (1992) of the Botanical Institute of the Munich Technical University have shown that the exhaust condensate derived from a fourstroke car engine equipped with a three-way catalytic converter as compared to other different types of exhaust converters, exhibited by far the lowest oxidative and destructive power.…”

Coenzyme Q10 Benefits Symptoms in Gulf War Veterans: Results of a Randomized Double-Blind Study

“…These include AChEi, specifically pyridostigmine bromide (a carbamate, used as a nerve agent pretreatment adjunct), organophosphate nerve agent, and organophosphate and carbamate pesticides) (Dandapani, Zachariah, Kavitha, Jeyaseelan, & Oommen, 2003;Golomb, 2008Golomb, , 2012Gupta, Milatovic, & Dettbarn, 2001a, 2001bHai, Varga, & Matkovics, 1995;John, Kale, Rathore, & Bhatnagar, 2001;Li, Shou, Borowitz, & Isom, 2001;Milatovic et al, 2006;Pazdernik, Emerson, Cross, Nelson, & Samson, 2001;Pena-Llopis et al, 2002;PenaLlopis, Ferrando, & Pena, 2003a, 2003bPoovala, Huang, & Salahudeen, 1999;Poovala, Kanji, Tachikawa, & Salahudeen, 1998); but also, if to a lesser degree, reactogenic vaccinations (Clapp et al, 2004); fuels, solvents, and exhausts (relevant to Gulf exposures of oil fires, tent heaters-petroleumrelated products) (Blaurock, Hippeli, Metz, & Elstner, 1992;Piotrowska, Dlugosz, & Pajak, 2002); metals and heavy metals (Monnet-Tschudi, Zurich, Boschat, Corbaz, & Honegger, 2006;Olivieri et al, 2002;Poliandri, Machiavelli, Quinteros, Cabilla, & Duvilanski, 2006;Risso-de Faverney, Orsini, de Sousa, & Rahmani, 2004;Wolf & Baynes, 2006) (relevant to depleted uranium, and aluminum in vaccine adjuvants); and radiation, as well as radioactivity (Karslioglu et al, 2005;Kim et al, 2006;Miura, 2004;Park et al, 2006;Shi, Wang, Wang, Zhang, & Zhang, 2005;Wan et al, 2006) (also relevant to depleted uranium). Epidemiological evidence supports a particularly strong and consistent relation of AChEi to GWI …”

Evaluation and Standardisation of the Antioxidant Properties of Two Indian Remedies with Biochemical Test Assays

“…The effect of added samples to this system is either due to scavenging activities and/or inhibition of the enzyme. The produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) are detectable with two different indicator systems [10,11].…”

“…The formed ethene is measured after incubation by withdrawing 1 ml gas of the headspace with a gastight syringe. The ethene amount within this 1 ml is determined gas chromatographically and quantified with the aid of ethene-calibration gas [11].…”