Oxidative degradation and stabilisation of mineral oil based lubricants

Rasberger, M.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-3272-9_4

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Synthesis of (9-oxa-10-phospha-phenanthrene-10-yl)-propylamine (DOPAM-3-propyl, 1b): The synthesis of DOPAM-3-propyl was carried out as described in the literature using DOP-Cl (1a) and propylamine as reagents and n-hexane as solvent. [28] Propylamine was also applied as auxiliary base. The product was purified by distillation under reduced pressure.…”

Section: Phosphorus-containing Flame Retardants In Epoxy Resinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel star‐shaped and hyperbranched phosphorus‐containing flame retardants in epoxy resins

Zhang

Wagner

Ciesielski

et al. 2011

Polymers for Advanced Techs

113

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This report presents the synthesis and use of novel derivatives of 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO, 1) and 5,5‐dimethyl‐1,3,2‐dioxaphosphorinan‐2‐one (DDPO, 2) as flame retardant additives for epoxy resins. DOPO‐based and DDPO‐based compounds were synthesized via nucleophilic substitution with 1,3,5‐tris‐(2‐hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate (THIC, 3) and subsequent oxidation (Schemes 1 and 2). Another trivalent DOPO derivative recently reported by our group was obtained by transamination followed by a Michaelis–Arbuzov rearrangement (Scheme 1). These products were blended into two epoxy resin systems [DEN 438 and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA), both cured with dicyandiamide (DICY) and Fenuron] to obtain flame retardant thermosets. The flame retardancy and thermal properties of these epoxy resin systems were examined by UL 94‐V, Thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimeter analysis. Furthermore, all reactions with phosphorus‐containing compounds were iterated employing the THIC oligomer, which was prepared via polycondensation of THIC (Scheme 3) using catalytic amounts of p‐toluenesulfonic acid. In addition, Atherton–Todd reaction with the THIC oligomer was studied as a novel synthetic method for phosphorus‐containing flame retardants (Scheme 4). The resulting products were utilized as flame retardants in epoxy resins and compared with the analogous monomeric compounds. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Phosphorus-containing Flame Retardants In Epoxy Resinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel star‐shaped and hyperbranched phosphorus‐containing flame retardants in epoxy resins

Zhang

Wagner

Ciesielski

et al. 2011

Polymers for Advanced Techs

113

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“…Therefore, their differences in oxidation properties originate from their anion. The probable reason for lower oxidation stability of IL3 is the presence of the sulfur in the structure of the TFSA anion, which reduces oxidation stability . The anion of IL1 and IL2 do not have sulfur atoms and hence their oxidation stability is higher.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The probable reason for lower oxidation stability of IL3 is the presence of the sulfur in the structure of the TFSA anion, which reduces oxidation stability. 25 The anion of IL1 and IL2 do not have sulfur atoms and hence their oxidation stability is higher. Also, they have fluorine in their structure, which have radical scavenging effect and prevents oxidation.…”

Section: Oxidative Stability and Metal Deactivating Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of ionic liquids with multifunctional tribological properties as excellent single‐component package additives for turbine oils

Keshavarz

Naimi‐Jamal

Izadmanesh

et al. 2019

Lubrication Science

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Three benzotriazole‐bearing imidoazolium‐based ionic liquids (ILs) have been synthesized. The ILs were identified by 1HNMR and Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) techniques. The thermogravimetric analysis showed that they are highly nonvolatile and have extremely high flash points. The synthesized ILs were used in turbine oil formulation, and their lubrication properties were critically examined and compared to commercially available package additives. The tribological tests proved that the ILs act as an effective antifriction, antiwear (AW), and extreme pressure (EP) additives. Performance studies indicated that the synthesized ILs impart excellent antioxidation and corrosion protection to the lubricant with minimum acidity change. The elemental analysis proved absence of toxic and dangerous elements in the lubricant, a confirmation that the ILs are potential environmentally friendly lubricants. The results also confirmed that the synthesized ILs are ideal single‐component package additives in the lubricant industry, i.e., one molecule imparts several favorable functionalities to the lubricant..

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“…Therefore, the Hofmann elimination mechanism is not likely in this case. Mechanism of the auto-oxidation of hydrocarbons is well explained via radical intermediates [1]. We wish to propose the mechanism for thermo-oxidative decomposition of alkymethylimidazoliumderived ionic liquids via radical intermediates, as shown in Figure 11.…”

Section: Mechanism Of the Thermo-oxidative Reaction Of Alkylimidazolimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The heat generation by friction during machine operation causes thermo-oxidative degradation and evaporation of lubricants [1]. The former leads to changes in the physical and chemical properties of lubricant that result in unsatisfactory performances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermo‐oxidative stability of ionic liquids as lubricating fluids

Minami

Kamimura

Mori

2007

J of Synthetic Lubrication

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Thermo-oxidative stability of ionic liquids was evaluated by three bulk-scale tests. The changes in chemical and physical properties such as viscosity, deposit formation, weight loss and TAN were obtained. The results are discussed in terms of chemical structure of ionic liquids. TFSI derivatives exhibit good thermo-oxidative stability in comparison with BF4 derivatives. As chain length of alkyl group in imidazolium-cationic moiety increases, the thermo-oxidative stability of the molecule decreases. Water contaminant promotes the thermo-oxidative degradation of ionic liquids. Reaction mechanism via radical intermediates is proposed herein.

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Oxidative degradation and stabilisation of mineral oil based lubricants

Cited by 17 publications

References 26 publications

Novel star‐shaped and hyperbranched phosphorus‐containing flame retardants in epoxy resins

Novel star‐shaped and hyperbranched phosphorus‐containing flame retardants in epoxy resins

Synthesis of ionic liquids with multifunctional tribological properties as excellent single‐component package additives for turbine oils

Thermo‐oxidative stability of ionic liquids as lubricating fluids

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