Oxidative damage in substantia nigra and striatum of rats chronically exposed to ozone

Oxidative Stress and Neurodegenerative Disease

“…High levels of contamination in highly populated cities are correlated with the rise of a number of pathologies, such as autoimmune, degenerative, and neurodegenerative diseases. When using a model of oxidative stress, produced by ozone exposure to low doses (0.25 ppm) for 4 hours daily for different times (7,15,30,60, and 90 days), healthy animals developed a process of progressive neurodegeneration that depends on the exposure time (Angoa-Perez et al, 2006;Pereyra-Muñoz et al, 2006;Rivas-Arancibia et al, 2010, Santiago-Lopez et al, 2010. The increase in the levels of oxidized lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids are used as indicators of the state of oxidative stress.…”

Growth Hormone Prevents the Memory Deficit Caused by Oxidative Stress in Early Neurodegenerative Stage in Rats

“…We had also previously reported that the hippocampus is a region susceptible to oxidative stress caused by ozone [5,7]. Moreover, the memory deficits caused by ozone could be caused by morphologic damage in nerve tissue [3,4] and by neurogenesis alterations in the hippocampus [5]. Much evidence has shown that GH through IGF-I is involved in structural and cognitive functions [12,14,15].…”

“…Previously, it has been demonstrated that ozone inhalation generates oxidative damage through the formation of the ROS [1,2]. Oxidative stress produced by ozone inhalation causes damage in the central nervous system [3][4][5], increases lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels in brain structures [5,6], and causes memory deficits [5][6][7].…”

Oxidative Stress Activates the Transcription Factors FoxO 1a and FoxO 3a in the Hippocampus of Rats Exposed to Low Doses of Ozone

“…Several conditions have been associated with redox imbalance, and aging is one of the most important risk factors for the development of neurodegenerative diseases [3]. Many evidences suggest that the central nervous system (CNS) is highly sensitive to oxidative stress, because of its high content of unsaturated phospholipids, its high metabolic rate, and low content of some antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase [4, 5], the hippocampus, substantia nigra, and striatum being the most sensitive structures [6]. Additionally, exposure to air pollution may contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases [7].…”

“…With this model, it was shown that chronic exposure to ozone generates a state of oxidative stress that induces damage in rat brains [14]. Previously, we reported an increase in oxidized lipids and proteins in addition to a loss of the brain repair processes in the hippocampi and substantia nigra of the animals throughout the treatment [6, 18]. …”