Oxidative and non-oxidative degradation of a TDI-based polyurethane foam: Volatile product and condensed phase characterisation by FTIR and solid state 13C NMR spectroscopy

Allan, D.B.; Daly, John H.; Liggat, John

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.12.027

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…It should also be noted that the impact of oxygen (or steam) in the reaction environment is not only restricted to the improvement in catalysts activity, but it may also affect the initial steps of plastic thermal degradation prior to catalytic cracking. Thus, several authors have reported the positive effect of an oxygen presence on plastic pyrolysis, as it promotes thermal degradation at low temperatures, i.e., a faster degradation rate than in the absence of oxygen. , Thus, thermal degradation takes place via a radical scission mechanism, and the autocatalytic nature of the polymer oxidation radical mechanism contributes to the overall reaction acceleration . Therefore, the modification of the reaction mechanism for thermal pyrolysis has also an influence on the results obtained in the catalytic cracking.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 85 , 86 Thus, thermal degradation takes place via a radical scission mechanism, and the autocatalytic nature of the polymer oxidation radical mechanism contributes to the overall reaction acceleration. 87 Therefore, the modification of the reaction mechanism for thermal pyrolysis has also an influence on the results obtained in the catalytic cracking.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oxidative Fast Pyrolysis of High-Density Polyethylene on a Spent Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalyst in a Fountain Confined Conical Spouted Bed Reactor

Orozco

López

Suarez

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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The oxidative fast pyrolysis of plastics was studied in a conical spouted bed reactor with a fountain confiner and draft tube. An inexpensive fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) spent catalyst was proposed for in situ catalytic cracking in order to narrow the product distribution obtained in thermal pyrolysis. Suitable equivalence ratio (ER) values required to attain autothermal operation were assessed in this study, i.e., 0.0, 0.1, and 0.2. The experiments were carried out in continuous regime at 550 °C and using a space-time of 15 g catalyst min g HDPE −1. The influence of an oxygen presence in the pyrolysis reactor was analyzed in detail, with special focus on product yields and their compositions. Operation under oxidative pyrolysis conditions remarkably improved the FCC catalyst performance, as it enhanced the production of gaseous products, especially light olefins, whose yields increased from 18% under conventional pyrolysis (ER = 0) to 30% under oxidative conditions (ER = 0.1 and 0.2). Thus, conventional catalytic pyrolysis led mainly to the gasoline fraction, whereas light olefins were the prevailing products in oxidative pyrolysis. Moreover, the oxygen presence in the pyrolysis reactor contributed to reducing the heavy oil fraction yield by 46%. The proposed strategy is of great relevance for the development of this process, given that, on one hand, oxygen cofeeding allows solving the heat supply to the reactor, and on the other hand, product distribution and reactor throughput are improved.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Fast Pyrolysis of High-Density Polyethylene on a Spent Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalyst in a Fountain Confined Conical Spouted Bed Reactor

Orozco

López

Suarez

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…However, a broad spectrum of techniques is available with each method relating to a specific type of fire hazard. In addition, the most important fire reaction property that evaluates the fire hazard potential of a composite is the heat release rate [46,47]. The fire property of heat release ranges from low-intensity fires (where the radiant heat flux is under 20 kW/m 2 ) to intense fires (with the heat flux exceeding 150 kW/m 2 ) [48][49][50].…”

Section: Fire/thermal Facilities and Test Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While examining the effects of interspace distance and the potential chemical reaction between PLA and the montmorillonite modifier (cloisite 15A, 20A, and 30B), Esra et al (2016) discovered that the method of polymer incorporation into the nanocomposite is highly dependent on the mixing technique, the interspacing between the clay layers, and, most importantly, the type of organic modifier used [46]. In addition, Esra et al showed evidently from the result of the TGA that as the amount of cloisite increased, a slight increase in the char yield mainly due to the clay particles incorporated was detected.…”

Section: Small Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of Thermal Degradation and Fire Behaviour of Polymer Composites and Their Gaseous Emission Assessment

et al. 2021

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The use of polymer composite materials in the aeronautics and automotive sectors has increased dramatically, and their fire behaviour has become a critical parameter in terms of fire safety. On this premise, it is critical to demonstrate that these composite materials constitute elements whose safety justifies a high level of confidence. This is based on their combustibility and the rate at which flammable and toxic gaseous species are emitted. Thus, strict fire safety regulations are enforced by the relevant authorities concerned because of their potential fire risk. This study analysed papers published between 1970 and 2021 that described the devices used to characterise the thermal behaviour of composite materials at various scales. The objective was to highlight the thermophysical phenomena, making it possible to accurately assess the flammability and thermal stability of polymer composite materials. The results of this research reveal that the small-scale facilities provide detailed understanding and mastery of the thermal reaction properties of the composites. While with the medium scale, the extended fire reaction parameters, which are the key indicators of the fire safety performance, can be determined. On a large scale, the tests were carried out using devices such as the NexGen burner recommended by the FAA. Therefore, with such assays, it is possible to assess the rates of thermal degradation as well as quantified pyrolysis gases. However, compared to other scales, there were very few works on a large scale. In addition, by focusing on the polluting nature of synthetic composite materials, there is also few research studies aimed at designing new polymer composite materials from biological sources.

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“…Rigid Polyurethane foam (RPUF) is one kind of new synthetic materials which is widely used in the field of furniture, transportation, refrigeration and construction, [1][2][3] due to its low thermal conductivity and high specific strength. [4][5][6] However, during the service life of RPUF as thermal insulation materials and loading supporting materials, RPUF is easily exposed under the influence of external failure factor such as high temperature, alternating loading, water, and so forth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of failure behaviors of rigid polyurethane foam treated under thermal and vibration conditions by experiment and numerical simulation

Qiu

2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Failure mechanism of rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) treated under different conditions was studied by means of experiments and numerical simulation. Thermal degradation mechanism of RPUF under different temperatures was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis‐Fourier transform infrared spectrometry coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (TG‐FTIR‐GC–MS) in air and nitrogen atmosphere, respectively. And the vibration failure mechanism of RPUF was analyzed by finite element analysis (FEA) and extended finite element method (XFEM). The experimental results indicated that the failure mode in nitrogen was the broken of carbamate groups, and in air was the broken of carbamate groups and the radical decomposition of ether groups. Numerical simulation suggested that there was vibration stress concentration in the center of foam prism, which was easy to produce sliding and opening fatigue cracks during random vibration.

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Oxidative and non-oxidative degradation of a TDI-based polyurethane foam: Volatile product and condensed phase characterisation by FTIR and solid state 13C NMR spectroscopy

Abstract: Oxidative and non-oxidative degradation of a TDI-based polyurethane foam: volatile product and condensed phase characterisation by FTIR and solid state 13 C NMR spectroscopy

Cited by 18 publications

References 24 publications

Oxidative Fast Pyrolysis of High-Density Polyethylene on a Spent Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalyst in a Fountain Confined Conical Spouted Bed Reactor

Oxidative Fast Pyrolysis of High-Density Polyethylene on a Spent Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalyst in a Fountain Confined Conical Spouted Bed Reactor

A Study of Thermal Degradation and Fire Behaviour of Polymer Composites and Their Gaseous Emission Assessment

Study of failure behaviors of rigid polyurethane foam treated under thermal and vibration conditions by experiment and numerical simulation

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