Oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress in respiratory disease

Abstract

Oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are related states that can occur in cells as part of normal physiology but occur frequently in diseases involving inflammation. In this article, we review recent findings relating to the role of oxidative and ER stress in the pathophysiology of acute and chronic nonmalignant diseases of the lung, including infections, cystic fibrosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and asthma. We also explore the potential of drugs targeting oxidative and ER stress pathways to alleviate disease.

Resveratrol decreases the expression of genes involved in inflammation through transcriptional regulation

“…Maintaining the balance between oxidants and antioxidants is important to avoid oxidative stress. Inflammatory responses are related to intracellular redox status, oxidative stress, and diseases, such as cancer, neurodegeneration, and infectious diseases, which are linked to DNA damage due to the high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can be produced [1][2][3][4][5].…”

Diesel exhaust particulates induce neutrophilic lung inflammation by modulating endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated CXCL1/KC expression in alveolar macrophages

“…The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle that participates in the biosynthesis, correct folding, and posttranslational modi cations of secretory and membrane proteins in cells [13]. However, oxidative and metabolic stress, glucose starvation, elevated protein synthesis, and unfolded and misfolded protein accumulation in the ER lumen induce ER stress, triggering a cellular unfolded protein response (UPR) [14,15]. When ER stress is detected, bound immunoglobulin protein (BiP) dissociates from the ER-transmembrane stress sensors PKR-like eukaryotic initiation factor 2a kinase (PERK), inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) to restore ER homeostasis.…”

Endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress in immunopathology: understanding the crosstalk between cellular stress and inflammation

“…Misfolding activates cellular stress pathways including the unfolded protein response (UPR), the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and a state of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress and ER stress are integrally entwined states, implicated in the aetiology of many diseases, diabetes and obesity, arthritis and spondyloarthropathies, multiple forms of respiratory inflammation, inflammatory bowel diseases, infections and cancer. Consequently, there is substantial interest in therapeutic targeting of stress in a variety of disorders.…”

“…Chen et al . discuss the influences of intrinsic cell and environmental factors that have the potential to contribute to oxidative stress and ER stress in a range of respiratory diseases, including cystic fibrosis, asthma and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis .…”

“…Chen et al . discuss the influences of intrinsic cell and environmental factors that have the potential to contribute to oxidative stress and ER stress in a range of respiratory diseases, including cystic fibrosis, asthma and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis . Even though proof‐of‐concept studies in animals show that blocking ER and oxidative stress is effective in models of respiratory inflammation, the use of antioxidants, in particular N‐acetyl‐cysteine, in respiratory disease‐focussed clinical trials have been largely disappointing.…”