Oxidation resistance of Ti3AlC2 and Ti3Al0.8Sn0.2C2 MAX phases: A comparison

Drouelle, Elodie; Gauthier‐Brunet, V.; Cormier, Jonathan; Villechaise, Patrick; Sallot, Pierre; Naïmi, Foad; Bernard, Frédéric; Dubois, S.

doi:10.1111/jace.16780

Cited by 37 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The high-oxidation resistance mechanism of Alcontaining MAX phases can be attributed to the fact that the weakly bonded Al elements diffuse to the surface at high temperatures and form a dense and continuous Al 2 O 3 layer on the surface, which effectively limits the inward diffusion of O À2 . [123,124] Several factors have significant influences on the oxidation behavior of MAX phases, including oxidation temperature, grain size, and solid-solution composition. Figure 15a,c shows the weight gain per unit surface area as a function of oxidation time for Ti 2 AlC.…”

Section: Oxidation Resistance Propertymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Otherwise, a discontinuous Al 2 O 3 layer with TiO 2 layer on top is formed, and parabolic kinetics is observed, and the sample shows weaker oxidation resistance. [14,124] Figure 15e,f shows the cross-section view of the oxide layer observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on Ti 3 AlC 2 samples after oxidation at 800 C for 24 and 500 h, [123] respectively. The thickness of the oxidized surface layer increased from %7 μm (24 h) to %200 μm (500 h).…”

Section: Oxidation Resistance Propertymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…e,f ) Crosssection view of the oxide layer observed by SEM on Ti 3 AlC 2 MAX phase oxidized at 800 C for e) 24 h and f ) 500 h . Reprinted with permission [123]. Copyright 2020, John Wiley and Sons.…”

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MAX Phases as Nanolaminate Materials: Chemical Composition, Microstructure, Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

Xia

2021

Adv Eng Mater

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Ceramics is one of the oldest materials prepared and used by human beings. Ancient ancestors started to make pottery by forming and burning clay since the earliest civilizations. Ancient people started to fabricate burnt claywares since %6500 B.C., and clayware as a commercial product was available by %4000 B.C. [1] In modern society, as one of the largest branches in material family, ceramics have been developed and used in almost every fields of human beings' lives. In some senses, ceramics and metals possess complementary properties; generally, ceramics show the advantages of high strength, high hardness, high chemical stability, high wear resistance, whereas ceramics typically show intrinsic brittleness and poor plasticity due to their covalent and/or ionic chemical bonding; metals have good plasticity, high toughness, and high thermal and electronic conductivity; however, they typically show lower chemical stability and lower hardness than ceramics. It would be marvelous for a material to combine the properties of ceramics and metals. MAX phases are the materials that meet the challenge.MAX phases are a family of nanolaminate ternary nitrides and carbides, which were first discovered by Nowotny and his colleagues in Vienna. [2] In the beginning, MAX phases have a general formula of M nþ1 AX n (n ¼ 1-3), where M is a transition metal, A is an element from group A, and X is either carbon or nitrogen. The n value could be 1, 2, or 3, and the phases are named as 211, 312, and 413 MAX phases, respectively. These MAX phases show a hexagonal crystal structure (P63/mmc), consisting of M 6 X octahedra separated by A atomic layers. [3] M─X bonds in M 6 X octahedra are strong covalent bonds, whereas the M─A bonds between M 6 X and A atomic layer are much weaker, especially in shear. This unique bonding structure is analogous to graphite, and it is the special bonding structure that endows MAX phases properties of both ceramics and metals. On the one hand, MAX phases are stiff, lightweight, chemically stable, and oxidation resistant, which are the features of ceramics; on the other hand, they exhibit good electric and thermal conductivity as well as excellent machinability and damage tolerance, which are the features of metals.Unfortunately, MAX phases had not attracted enough attention in both academia and industry until 1996 when Barsoum et al. [4] synthesized and characterized Ti 3 SiC 2 . Ever since then, material researchers become more interested in this material. [5] In the past two decades, many MAX phases have been synthesized and tested to show highly unusual properties, [6] which will be discussed with detail in the following sections. The intensive extent of the researches on MAX phases can be demonstrated by the published papers (Figure 1). A remarkable jump can be observed between 1998 and 1999, and after that, the number of published papers increases steadily, reaching as high as 980 papers in 2019 (Figure 1a). From another aspect, the citation of the milestone paper published by Barsoum [4] also signific...

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Section: Oxidation Resistance Propertymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Oxidation Resistance Propertymentioning

confidence: 99%

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MAX Phases as Nanolaminate Materials: Chemical Composition, Microstructure, Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

Xia

2021

Adv Eng Mater

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“…Whereas, obtaining Ti 3 AlC 2 in a single-phase is quite difficult due to the narrow phase domain in the Ti-Al-C phase diagram [15]. The earlier studies revealed that secondary phases such as TiC, Ti x Al y , Al 2 O 3 , or the 211 MAX phase (Ti 2 AlC) are commonly detected in the end products [16][17][18]. In addition, there are two main problems for the large- * Correspondence: aysenurgencer@gmail.com scale production of highly pure Ti 3 AlC 2 powders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, Sn addition would solve the evaporative loss of Al and the thermal explosion simultaneously, and does not remain as impurities in the product of Ti 3 AlC 2 powders [5]. Moreover, the experimental studies have considered the Ti 3 Al 0.8 Sn 0.2 C 2 compound for the hardness [15], oxidation resistance [18], and compressive behavior [21] as well as with Ti 3 AlC 2 . However, there is a lack for the detailed properties of Sn doped Ti 3 AlC 2 in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of Sn doping on the electronic and mechanical properties of Ti3 Al1−x Snx C2 MAX phases

Gençer¹,

Erkisi²

2021

Turk J Phys

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The phase pure synthesis of Ti 3 AlC 2 MAX phase is quite difficult and some additives are required to get a phase pure Ti 3 AlC 2 such as Sn. In this study, Sn doped Ti 3 AlC 2 MAX phase has been investigated taking into account the experimental synthesis conditions where some Sn atoms could replace Al atoms in the structure. For this purpose, Ti 3 Al 1−x Sn x C 2 with x ranging from 0 to 1 with 0.1 interval has been studied using the first principles method and the results show that all compositions are thermodynamically stable. The electronic properties of these compositions have been studied using band filling theory in detail. Also, the mechanical properties of these compounds such as shear modulus, Poisson's ratio, Young's modulus, sound wave velocities, polarization of the sound waves, enhancement factor, the power flow angle and etc. have been obtained with the varying directions and the three-dimensional mechanical properties have been visualized.

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Mapping the structure and chemical composition of MAX phase ceramics for their high‐temperature tribological behaviors

Yu,

Xue,

Xue

et al. 2024

Carbon Energy

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MAX phase ceramics is a large family of nanolaminate carbides and nitrides, which integrates the advantages of both metals and ceramics, in general, the distinct chemical inertness of ceramics and excellent physical properties like metals. Meanwhile, the rich chemical and structural diversity of the MAXs endows them with broad space for property regulation. Especially, a much higher self‐lubricity, as well as wear resistance, than that of traditional alloys and ceramics, has been observed in MAXs at elevated temperatures in recent decades, which manifests a great application potential and sparks tremendous research interest. Aiming at establishing a correlation among structure, chemical composition, working conditions, and the tribological behaviors of MAXs, this work overviews the recent progress in their high‐temperature (HT) tribological properties, accompanied by advances in synthesis and structure analysis. HT tribological‐specific behaviors, including the stress responses and damage mechanism, oxidation mechanism, and wear mechanism, are discussed. Whereafter, the tribological behaviors along with factors related to the tribological working conditions are discussed. Accordingly, outlooks of MAX phase ceramics for future HT solid lubricants are given based on the optimization of present mechanical properties and processing technologies.

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Oxidation resistance of Ti₃AlC₂ and Ti₃Al_0.8Sn_0.2C₂ MAX phases: A comparison

Cited by 37 publications

References 43 publications

MAX Phases as Nanolaminate Materials: Chemical Composition, Microstructure, Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

MAX Phases as Nanolaminate Materials: Chemical Composition, Microstructure, Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

The effect of Sn doping on the electronic and mechanical properties of Ti3 Al1−x Snx C2 MAX phases

Mapping the structure and chemical composition of MAX phase ceramics for their high‐temperature tribological behaviors

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