Oxidation-reduction state of rat liver mitochondria and the action of thyroxine

Lehninger, Albert L.; Ray, Betty Lou

doi:10.1016/0006-3002(57)90115-4

Cited by 73 publications

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“…Swel,ling and contraction of mitochondria are known to be associated with phosphorylation and respiration (1,6,9,12,19,20,22). On this basis it i-s reasonable to assuime that the high 03 sensitivity of the phosphorylative system in tobacco leaf mitochondria which resulted in severe inhibition in oxidaitive phosphorylation (11) The positive coirrelation between the increasing loss of proteins, as wel!l as other substances absorbing at 260 and 280 imn, after removal of proteins, an>(l the length of expo-sure to 0. provides evidence for 03-'induce,d permeability of mitochondrial membrane (fig 3,4).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since respiration and phosphorylation were reparted to be associaited wiith swelling and contraction of aniimal and plant mitochondria (1,2,6,9,12,19,20,22), kthe present study was undertaken 'to determine the effect of 03 on the contractili'ty and permeab.ility oif mitochondria isolated from tobacco plants. Although swelling and contracbion of animal mitoehondria have been extensively studied, charadterization of swelling and contraction 'in plant mitochondria has not been reported until recently (7,9,14,16,17,22).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effect of Ozone on Swelling of Tobacco Mitochondria

Lee

1968

Plant Physiol.

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Ozone has been found to inhibit the respiratory and phosphorylative activitties of mitochondria of tobacco -leaves (11,18). Since respiration and phosphorylation were reparted to be associaited wiith swelling and contraction of aniimal and plant mitochondria (1,2,6,9,12,19,20,22), kthe present study was undertaken 'to determine the effect of 03 on the contractili'ty and permeab.ility oif mitochondria isolated from tobacco plants. Although swelling and contracbion of animal mitoehondria have been extensively studied, charadterization of swelling and contraction 'in plant mitochondria has not been reported until recently (7,9,14,16,17,22). In this paper I report changes in swelilling and permeability of tobacco mitochondria as a resul!t of exposture to ozone. Materials and MethodsPreparation of Mitochondria. The mitochondria were is,lated from leaves of greenhouse tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum., L., var. White Gold) by a procedutre previously (lescrilbed (11) except that the washing medium was replaced by 0.25 M sucrose in 50 mm .tris-HCl buffer (-pH 7.5). The exttracting medium contained 50 mM manrviltolborate buffer (pH 7.7), 0.45 M sucrose, 10 mM EDTA, and 30 mlm potassiuim citrate. For comparison, other media tused by Longo and Arrigoni (14) and by Stoner and Hanson (22) were also tused. Mitochondria ti,soliated from roots of green-h-ouse tobacco, callus tissue of tobacco in 'sterille cu-1ltures, and etiollated yo-ung corn seedlings were also tested. The planit tissues were ground in a mo-rtar withotit sand in a cold room at 00.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Ozone on Swelling of Tobacco Mitochondria

Lee

1968

Plant Physiol.

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“…action of thyroxine. Lehninger and Ray (40) have demonstrated that thyroxine does not cause swelling of rat liver mitochondria in the presence of cyanide or under anaerobic conditions; such conditions also prevent the action of other swelling agents (40,41). It was suggested that swelling induced by thyroxine and other agents does not occur when the respiratory carriers are maintained in the reduced state (40).…”

Section: Effect Of Aging Of Mitochondria--sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Swelling of Rat Liver Mitochondria by Thyroxine and its Reversal

Lehninger¹,

Ray²,

Schneider³

1959

The Journal of Cell Biology

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143

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The in vitro swelling action of L-thyroxine on rat liver mitochondria as examined photometrically represents an acceleration of a process which the mitochondria are already inherently capable of undergoing spontaneously, as indicated by the identical kinetic characteristics and the extent of thyroxine-induced and spontaneous swelling, the nearly identical pH dependence, and the fact that sucrose has a specific inhibitory action on both types of swelling. However, thyroxine does not appear to be a "catalyst" or coenzyme since it does not decrease the temperature coefficient of spontaneous swelling. The temperature coefficient is very high, approximatNy 6.0 near 20 °.Aging of mitochondria at 0 ° causes loss of thyroxine sensitivity which correlates closely with the loss of bound DPN from the mitochondria, but not with loss of activity of the respiratory chain or with the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation. Tests with various respiratory chain inhibitors showed that the oxidation state of bound DPN may be a major determinant of thyroxine sensitivity; the oxidation state of the other respiratory carriers does not appear to influence sensitivity to thyroxine. These facts and other considerations suggest that a bound form of mitochondrial DPN is the "target" of the action of thyroxine.The thyroxine-induced swelling is not reversed by increasing the osmolar concentration of external sucrose, but can be "passively" or osmotically reversed by adding the high-particle weight solute polyvinylpyrrolidone. The mitochondrial membrane becomes more permeable to sucrose during the swelling reaction. On the other hand, thyroxine-induced swelling can be "actively" reversed by ATP in a medium of 0.15 M KC1 or NaC1 but not in a 0.30 ~ sucrose medium. The action of ATP is specific; ADP, Mn +*, and ethylenediaminetetraacetate are not active. It is concluded that sucrose is an inhibitor of the enzymatic relationship between oxidative phosphorylation and the contractility and permeability properties of the mitochondrial membrane.Occurrence of different types of mitochondrial swelling, the intracellular factors affecting the swelling and shrinking of mitochondria, as well as the physiological significance of thyroxine-induced swelling are discussed.

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“…Hirvonen and Lybeck 14 found that the force of contraction of isolated atria from rats receiving thyroxine was significantly less than that of controls at temperatures ranging from 25 to 41 C. At a temperature of 37 C. the decrease of 37.5 per cent in contractile force noted by these workers is quite comparable to the decrease in maxima] developed tension in our left ventricular thyroid-treated groups, although less than the 60 per cent reduction in right A' entricular strips. Other direct studies on hyperthyroid cardiac muscle have not been found, but the defect in tension production noted seems entirely compatible with the depletion of glycogen and phosphoereatine observed by Shelley, Code and Visscher in hyperthyroid rat hearts, 17 and with reported effects of thyroxine on function and structure of mitochondria. 10 "…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Properties of Hyperthyroid Rat Myocardium

Whitehorn

Ullrick

Andersen

1959

Circulation Research

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Electric and mechanical properties of right and left ventricular muscle of hyperthyroid rats have been studied in vitro. Excitability was not modified but refractory period was lengthened in left ventricular muscle. Developed tension was significantly reduced in both ventricles, the greater reduction being on the right. The results suggest direct and disproportionate effects of thyroid hormone on right and left ventricular myocardium. INTEREST in the effects of increased thyroid activity on the heart is old. Numerous studies have been concerned with effects on cardiac rate, rhythm, size, output, morphology, and electrical activity. Metabolic activity has been observed under in vitro and in vivo conditions, and changes in chemical composition of myocardium have been reported. The extensive reviews of Rasmussen, 1 Raab, have emphasized the importance of interrelationships with epinephrine and norepinephrine in the metabolic and hemodynamic actions of the thyroid hormones. In spite of this impressive literature, information on basic electric and mechanical properties of hyperthyroid cardiac muscle is scanty. Studies on isolated tissue have generally not included such observations, and in vivo experiments are complicated by the presence of neural, hormonal, and hemodynamic factors. It seemed of interest to determine the electric and mechanical properties of isolated myocardial bundles from hyperthyroid rats for gaining information regarding basic and direct effects of thjToid hormones on cardiac function. After preliminary observations on right ventricular muscle, 10 we have extended and

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Oxidation-reduction state of rat liver mitochondria and the action of thyroxine

Cited by 73 publications

References 9 publications

Effect of Ozone on Swelling of Tobacco Mitochondria

Effect of Ozone on Swelling of Tobacco Mitochondria

The Swelling of Rat Liver Mitochondria by Thyroxine and its Reversal

Properties of Hyperthyroid Rat Myocardium

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