Oxidation-reduction potential: a new marker of oxidative stress and sperm quality

Abstract

men, but these results were not statistically significant. The pooled effect estimates were not materially affected by the test method (SCSA or TUNEL or study population (general population vs. infertile men). Heterogeneity was high across all comparisons, suggesting a marked variation across the included studies.CONCLUSIONS: Overweight and obesity conditions have minimal effects on sperm DNA fragmentation in men in reproductive age. The clinical implications of the association between BMI and sperm DNA fragmentation deserves further investigation due to the high heterogeneity across the included studies.

Melatonin ameliorates testes against forced treadmill exercise training on spermatogenesis in rats

“…Due to enhancement of oxygen consumption during exercise, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are excessively generated and affect testicular normal structure and function. 7,11,24 Testis is a susceptible tissue to the oxidative stress because of the high level of cell division and existence of high level of unsaturated fatty acids. 26 Also, during extensive exercise, the blood supply of testis decreases and subsequently testosterone secretion declines and hypoxia in testis leads to apoptosis of germ cells.…”

“…27 There are several research studies both in animals and humans which have demonstrated that intensive exercise leads to the reduction of sperm quality parameters and production of reproductive hormone, and to the increase in the oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. 7,8,11,18,28,29 Intensive exercise induces oxidative stress in testis tissue via decreasing the anti-oxidative enzymes (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) and increasing oxidative enzyme (malondialdehyde). 30 Swimming exercise is one of the best studied animal models of intensive forced exercise.…”

“…Consequently, "exercise exerts a severe oxidative stress on cells and tissues". 6,7 However, ROS is effectively mediated by the cell's antioxidant defense system. ROS results in lipid peroxidation, membrane permeability, and apoptosis.…”

“…Exogenous antioxidants need to be added outside the cell to compensate for cellular antioxidant defense in order to prevent cellular damage. 7,8 Antioxidants are molecules that can prevent or slow the oxidation of other molecules. Oxidation is a chemical reaction that transfers electrons from a substance to the oxidizing agent.…”

“…The oxidation reaction is capable of producing free radicals. 7,[9][10][11] Melatonin is a hormone that is made in the body by the pineal gland and a number of other organs such as the retina, lacrimal glands, intestines, and bone marrow or enterochromaffin cells of the gastrointestinal tract. 4,12 Melatonin is also a potent antioxidant that is readily available.…”