“…Applications to copper refining, 1 lead/zinc smelting, 2 metallurgical slags, 3 and iron/steel making 4 were examined. The present article reviews the oxidation conditions in the processing steps of ''matte smelting''-the smelting of sulfide concentrates of copper and nickel/copper to produce iron-silicate slags and mattes containing copper, nickel, iron, sulfur, and oxygen.…”