Oxidation of Zircaloy-4 in steam-nitrogen mixtures at 600–1200 °C

Steinbrueck, Martin; Silva, Fabio Oliveira da; Große, M.

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2017.04.034

Cited by 52 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…A mechanism, involving hydrogen trapping and concentrating in the porosities of the oxide close to the reacting surface, was proposed to explain hydrogen incorporation during steam oxidation of zirconium alloy at high temperature [25]. Owing to the strongly porous oxide formed in nitrogen containing atmospheres, the same mechanism was invoked in [24,26] and can also explain the present results.…”

Section: Use Of Hydrogen Released In the Gas Phase And Incorporated Isupporting

confidence: 67%

Experimental study of oxidation in oxygen, nitrogen and steam mixtures at 850∘C of pre-oxidized Zircaloy-4

Gestin

Mermoux

Coindreau

et al. 2019

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

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Section: Use Of Hydrogen Released In the Gas Phase And Incorporated Isupporting

confidence: 67%

Experimental study of oxidation in oxygen, nitrogen and steam mixtures at 850∘C of pre-oxidized Zircaloy-4

Gestin

Mermoux

Coindreau

et al. 2019

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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“…At the same time, the sample with metallic Cr coating had a lot of cracks at the coating/alloy interface which caused accelerated oxidation in these regions. This is typical behavior for Zr alloys in a nitrogen rich atmosphere [26,27]. These results indicate both effects: deceleration of Cr-Zr inter-diffusion kinetics and decreased nitrogen effect in the Zr alloy.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Protection of Zr Alloy under High-Temperature Air Oxidation: A Multilayer Coating Approach

et al. 2021

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Metallic Cr and multilayer CrN/Cr coatings with a thickness of 2.5 µm were deposited onto E110 alloy by magnetron sputtering. Oxidation tests in air were performed at 1100 °C for 10–40 min. The gravimetric measurements showed better protective properties of multilayer CrN/Cr coatings in comparison with metallic Cr coating. Multilayer coating prevented fast Cr–Zr inter-diffusion by the formation of a ZrN layer beneath the coating. The appearance of ZrN is caused by interaction with nitrogen formed from the decomposition of CrN to Cr2N phases. Optical microscopy revealed a residual Cr layer for the multilayer CrN (0.25 µm)/Cr (0.25 µm) coating for all the oxidation periods. Additional in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies of coated alloy during linear heating up to 1400 °C showed that the formation of the Cr2Zr phase in the case of multilayer coatings occurred at a higher (~150 °C) temperature compared to metallic Cr. Multilayer coatings can decrease the nitrogen effect for Zr alloy oxidation. Uniform and thinner oxide layers of Zr alloy were observed when the multilayer coatings were applied. The highest oxidation resistance belonged to the CrN/Cr coating with a multilayer step of 0.25 µm.

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“…[10,11,[23][24][25] Only a very limited amount of nitrogen may initiate this particular process, as it was clearly evidenced varying the nitrogen content in oxygen/nitrogen and in steam/nitrogen mixtures. [9,10] To illustrate the effects of corrosion on Zircaloys, some typical macrographs of the samples before after some characteristic oxidation tests are shown in Figure 1. These tests were performed starting from Zy-4, which was intensively used in French PWRs.…”

Section: The Corrosion Of Zirconium Alloys: Technological Context and Brief Description Of The Low-and High-temperature Corrosion Phenomementioning

confidence: 93%

“…This is beyond the scope of this work, throughout this paper, kinetics of Zircaloys oxidation will not be described and discussed in detail. For this, we refer the reader to previous studies, [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] and references herein. Only a brief review will be given to introduce the technological context and the purpose of the measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman imaging in corrosion science: High‐temperature oxidation of the zirconium alloys used in the nuclear industry as an example

Mermoux

Duriez

2021

J Raman Spectroscopy

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Successive technological improvements have made Raman imaging systems very efficient. Raman imaging applications now cover a wide range of scientific fields, including high-temperature materials corrosion, also known as dry corrosion. The analysis of the phenomena occurring during corrosion requires knowledge in metallurgy, thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, solid-state chemistry, and physics. Part of this information (crystallographic phases, stress state, oxygen transport, etc.) can be obtained, at least qualitatively, from the analysis of Raman images of the oxidation layer. Throughout this paper, we consider as a prototypal example the oxidation of a particular zirconium alloy, Zircaloy-4, used in the nuclear industry as cladding materials in light-water reactors. Through some examples, the aim of the present paper is to describe what kind of information this method can bring, to review its merits and weaknesses. The analysis protocols methods described herein are not exhaustive, but most probably represent a simple way to read and understand the Raman images. These few examples show that rather subtle details that concern phase distribution, strain, and oxygen transport can effectively be captured by this method. Most probably, Raman imaging may be applied to other alloys or systems as well.

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Oxidation of Zircaloy-4 in steam-nitrogen mixtures at 600–1200 °C

Cited by 52 publications

References 24 publications

Experimental study of oxidation in oxygen, nitrogen and steam mixtures at 850∘C of pre-oxidized Zircaloy-4

Experimental study of oxidation in oxygen, nitrogen and steam mixtures at 850∘C of pre-oxidized Zircaloy-4

Protection of Zr Alloy under High-Temperature Air Oxidation: A Multilayer Coating Approach

Raman imaging in corrosion science: High‐temperature oxidation of the zirconium alloys used in the nuclear industry as an example

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