Oxidation of WC-TiC-TaC-Co hard materials at relatively low temperature

Huang, Shiyao; Xiong, Ji; Guo, Zhixing; Wan, Weicai; Tang, Limei; Zhong, Hua; Zhou, Wei; Wang, Bitong

doi:10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2014.08.002

Cited by 32 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…where the parameter ø is a shape factor, which depends on the material and geometry and was set to 1.1. Equation (5) states that, at a given S f (or N f ), there is a direct correlation between σ and K Ic ; σ will be higher for a specimen with higher K Ic . This dependence can be used to qualitatively compare the resistance to crack propagation between grades based on the number of broken pieces generated in a bending test.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typical processing flaws, such as pores, large carbide grains, or agglomerates without cobalt, were generally found. The fracture toughness of the different cemented carbide grades was estimated under the frame of the LEFM approach from the fracture surface area and Equation (5) and from the critical defect size (ac) causing the failure [24], using the following equation [25]:…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, other families of defects can also be generated due to the in-service operating conditions as a result of oxidation, wear, contact damage, etc. [4][5][6]. Therefore, cemented carbides show defect controlling fracture strength, which is associated with the size of the largest (or critical) defect in the material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of the Test Configuration and Temperature on the Mechanical Behaviour of WC-Co

González¹,

Chicardi

Gotor

et al. 2020

Metals

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In this work, the effect of the test configuration and temperature on the mechanical behaviour of cemented carbides (WC-Co) with different carbide grain sizes (dWC) and cobalt volume fractions (VCo), implying different binder mean free paths (λCo), was studied. The mechanical strength was measured at 600 °C with bar-shaped specimens subjected to uniaxial four-point bending (4PB) tests and with disc specimens subjected to biaxial ball-on-three-balls (B3B) tests. The results were analysed within the frame of the Weibull theory and compared with strength measurements performed at room temperature under the same loading conditions. A mechanical degradation greater than 30% was observed when the samples were tested at 600 °C due to oxidation phenomena, but higher Weibull moduli were obtained as a result of narrower defect size distributions. A fractographic analysis was conducted with broken specimens from each test configuration. The number of fragments (Nf) and the macroscopic fracture surface were related to the flexural strength and fracture toughness of WC-Co. For a given number of fragments, higher mechanical strength values were always obtained for WC-Co grades with higher KIc. The observed differences were discussed based on a linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) model, taking into account the effect of the temperature and microstructure of the cemented carbides on the mechanical strength.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of the Test Configuration and Temperature on the Mechanical Behaviour of WC-Co

González¹,

Chicardi

Gotor

et al. 2020

Metals

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“…At room temperature, WC-11Co and WC-15Co exhibit superior wear resistance; however, their performance begins to deteriorate when the temperature is increased. The advantage of the materials with a steel binder and with and without additional carbide forming elements can be explained with a lower fraction of WC and higher fraction of more oxidation resistant Ti-, Nb-and Cr-carbides [21]. The WCS-Ti material with TiC in the microstructure showed particularly good wear resistance at higher temperatures.…”

Section: Mechanical Properties and Wear Performancementioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of Carbon Stabilizing Elements on WC Cemented Carbides with Chromium Steel Binder

Tarraste

Kübarsepp

Juhani

et al. 2019

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High price, limited availability and toxicity of cobalt motivates researchers and material engineers to find alternative binder systems for WC cemented carbides. Iron and iron alloys are promising candidates for complete cobalt substitution. Ferritic steels alloyed with chromium can offer an inexpensive binder system to acquire cemented carbides with enhanced oxidation and corrosion resistance. Since Fe and Cr are carbide formers, production of WC-FeCr cemented carbides with a desirable two-phase structure can be problematic. Niobium and titanium are strong carbide formers and well-known alloying elements in steels used to stabilize carbon, preventing formation of unwanted chromium carbide phases. In our work, WC-FeCr was alloyed with elemental Nb and Ti. The phase composition, structure morphology and mechanical properties of prepared cemented carbides were characterized and discussed. As a result, additions of carbon stabilizing elements enabled us to improve structural homogeneity and wear resistance of WC cemented carbides with ferritic a steel binder.

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“…It has been reported that the formation of defects at high temperature as a result of oxidation and the growth of the pre-existing flaws are the main causes of the loss of stiffness, mechanical strength and fracture toughness during service [9][10][11][12]. These detrimental effects begin to be significant at temperatures above 600ºC [13], and in the 800-900ºC range, depending on the binder content, hard metals reach full oxidation [14]. Acchar et al [8] found a large loss in mechanical strength from 600ºC and Fantozzi et al [15] reported that the Young`s modulus and the mechanical strength decreased with temperature, which was particularly important beyond 500ºC.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of temperature on the biaxial strength of cemented carbides with different microstructures

Chicardi

Bermejo

Gotor

et al. 2018

International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials

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Abstract. The effect of the temperature on the mechanical strength of WC-Co cemented carbides with different microstructures (grain size and binder content) was evaluated. Biaxial flexural tests were performed on three cemented carbide grades at 600°C using the ball-on-three-balls (B3B) method. Results were interpreted by Weibull statistics and compared to biaxial strength results at room temperature. A detailed fractographic analysis, supported by Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics, was performed to differentiate the nature and size of critical defects and the mechanism responsible for the fracture. A significant decrease in the mechanical strength (around 30%) was observed at 600ºC for all grades of cemented carbides. This fact was ascribed to the change in the critical flaw population from sub-surface (at room temperature) to surface defects, associated with the selective oxidation of Co. Additionally, an estimation of the fracture toughness at 600°C was attempted for the three cemented carbides, based upon the B3B strength results, the corresponding number of the tested specimens fragments and the macroscopic area of the B3B fracture surfaces. The fracture toughness was not ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T2 affected by the temperature, at least up to 600ºC. In addition, the good agreement with the Single Edge Notch Beam toughness data suggests the possibility of employing this approach for fracture toughness evaluation of brittle materials under different testing conditions.

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Oxidation of WC-TiC-TaC-Co hard materials at relatively low temperature

Cited by 32 publications

References 36 publications

Influence of the Test Configuration and Temperature on the Mechanical Behaviour of WC-Co

Influence of the Test Configuration and Temperature on the Mechanical Behaviour of WC-Co

Effect of Carbon Stabilizing Elements on WC Cemented Carbides with Chromium Steel Binder

Influence of temperature on the biaxial strength of cemented carbides with different microstructures

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