“…The surface morphology and EDS analysis of TiAl alloy substrate and CPED coatings under different duty cycles after an intermittent isothermal oxidation test are displayed in Figure 10 . The porous and loose surface of TiAl alloy after an oxidation test was composed of elements Ti, Al, and O, which meant that the oxidation products of TiAl alloy were made of compounds of primarily TiO 2 and a little Al 2 O 3 , these results agreed well with previous literature [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. With duty cycle increasing, the surface of CPED coatings after an oxidation test became denser and more uniform.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 90%
“…Each discharge cycle was composed of discharge and outage, due to the special mechanism of the CPED process. Taking Al 2 O 3 coatings as an example, during the CPED process, Al(OH) 3 gel particles were adsorbed on the surface of the cathode, sintered, and dehydrated in the period of discharge and then congealed in the period of outage, as to form Al 2 O 3 ceramic coatings [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Al 3+ + 3OH − → Al(OH) 3 2Al(OH) 3 → Al 2 O 3 + 3H 2 O …”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Over the past several decades, researchers have studied the application of thermal spraying, gas deposition, and surface alloying on TiAl alloy to improve performance [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Cathodic plasma electrolytic deposition (CPED), based on plasma micro-arc oxidation, uses the energy of micro-arcs to produce deposits of hydroxide from the surface of the cathode, onto sintered ceramics coatings.…”
In order to study the effect of duty cycle during the cathodic plasma electrolytic deposition (CPED) process, Al2O3 ceramic coatings were fabricated via the CPED technique on prepared TiAl alloy in an Al(NO3)3 electrolyte with different duty cycles. Microstructure, morphology, and chemical compositions of coatings were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The mechanical properties, such as thickness, hardness, and binding strength, were also characterized, and heat-resistance and wear-resistance tested. The results indicated that duty cycle mainly affected the relative crystallinity of CPED coatings. As the duty cycle increased, the crystallinity of CPED coatings increased, the content of Al(OH)3 and γ-Al2O3 decreased, and the content of α-Al2O3 increased. The thickness and bonding strength both increased firstly and then decreased, while hardness increased as duty cycle increased. Heat-resistance and wear-resistance of TiAl alloy with CPED coating was highly improved compared to that of TiAl alloy substrate without CPED coating.
“…The surface morphology and EDS analysis of TiAl alloy substrate and CPED coatings under different duty cycles after an intermittent isothermal oxidation test are displayed in Figure 10 . The porous and loose surface of TiAl alloy after an oxidation test was composed of elements Ti, Al, and O, which meant that the oxidation products of TiAl alloy were made of compounds of primarily TiO 2 and a little Al 2 O 3 , these results agreed well with previous literature [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. With duty cycle increasing, the surface of CPED coatings after an oxidation test became denser and more uniform.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 90%
“…Each discharge cycle was composed of discharge and outage, due to the special mechanism of the CPED process. Taking Al 2 O 3 coatings as an example, during the CPED process, Al(OH) 3 gel particles were adsorbed on the surface of the cathode, sintered, and dehydrated in the period of discharge and then congealed in the period of outage, as to form Al 2 O 3 ceramic coatings [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Al 3+ + 3OH − → Al(OH) 3 2Al(OH) 3 → Al 2 O 3 + 3H 2 O …”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Over the past several decades, researchers have studied the application of thermal spraying, gas deposition, and surface alloying on TiAl alloy to improve performance [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Cathodic plasma electrolytic deposition (CPED), based on plasma micro-arc oxidation, uses the energy of micro-arcs to produce deposits of hydroxide from the surface of the cathode, onto sintered ceramics coatings.…”
In order to study the effect of duty cycle during the cathodic plasma electrolytic deposition (CPED) process, Al2O3 ceramic coatings were fabricated via the CPED technique on prepared TiAl alloy in an Al(NO3)3 electrolyte with different duty cycles. Microstructure, morphology, and chemical compositions of coatings were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The mechanical properties, such as thickness, hardness, and binding strength, were also characterized, and heat-resistance and wear-resistance tested. The results indicated that duty cycle mainly affected the relative crystallinity of CPED coatings. As the duty cycle increased, the crystallinity of CPED coatings increased, the content of Al(OH)3 and γ-Al2O3 decreased, and the content of α-Al2O3 increased. The thickness and bonding strength both increased firstly and then decreased, while hardness increased as duty cycle increased. Heat-resistance and wear-resistance of TiAl alloy with CPED coating was highly improved compared to that of TiAl alloy substrate without CPED coating.
“…The incidence direction is surface normal and the surface temperature is 300 K. The schematic view of Cu segregation on the surface during the oxidation is shown in the inset. 6 Secondary-electron image (a) and the elemental mapping (b, c, d) of the oxide TiAl taken after 9.2×10 19 molecules cm -2 2.2-eV-HOMB dose at 923 K 16) . Measurements were performed with a step of 1 mm at the electron energy of 10 kV.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The detected X-rays were K a for Al, Ti and O. Reprinted from Ref. 16 with permission from Elsevier.…”
The oxidation is one of the major corrosion processes of metals. Copper and copper alloys have wide industrial applications, and therefore are of interest for studies of oxidation mechanism, particularly in the Cu 2 O formation. We proposed the collision-induced absorption (CIA) mechanism for the oxidation of Cu with hyperthermal O 2 molecular beam (HOMB) in our early studies. Here, we introduce our recent studies of the oxidation of Cu(410) and Cu(511) stepped surfaces and various Cu 3 Au surfaces with HOMB. On the Cu stepped surface, we discuss the role of defects on the CIA mechanism in the oxidation. The Cu Au alloys are an ideal system for investigating the formation of protective layer against further oxidation into bulk. On the various Cu 3 Au surfaces, we demonstrate how the protective layer against the CIA oxidation is formed. Finally, we introduce shortly the steric eŠects in the reaction of NO on Si (111).
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