Oxidation of steel T91 in flowing lead–bismuth eutectic (LBE) at 550°C

Corrosion behavior of steels in flowing lead–bismuth under abnormal conditions

“…The austenitic steel AISI 316L and the ferritic-martensitic steel T91 are the selected structural materials for ADS for transmutation of nuclear waste [1]. These materials can undergo damages in this environment, especially at high temperatures and low oxygen content, when the system is not able to develop and maintain a protective oxide scale on the surface of the metals [2,3].…”

Modeling of oxidation of structural materials in LBE systems

“…Dissolution/precipitation rates depend among others on the iron diffusion coefficient and on the solubility product over magnetite. For the time being we have no experimental data on dissolution rates of magnetite, only some hints from post test examinations that there might be an effect [25]. In case of single layer Fe/Cr scales the dissolution rates would be much lower than for magnetite decreasing with increasing Cr content.…”

“…Calculations were done for e.g. the CORRIDA loop, which is operated with LBE as a coolant [12][13][14]25]. The main characteristics of this loop are described in Ref.…”

“…The main characteristics of this loop are described in Ref. [25]. For the convenience of the reader we have included a schematic representation of the loop (Fig.…”

Twin Astir: An irradiation experiment in liquid Pb–Bi eutectic environment

“…While both the liquid metal embrittlement phenomenon and liquid metal corrosion in lead bismuth eutectic (LBE) are currently widely under investigation by numerous laboratories around the globe [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13], little is known about the possible synergy between irradiation and liquid metal corrosion and embrittlement. There is a lot of experience in the field of liquid sodium from the fast reactor community, however, the current knowledge on liquid lead bismuth technology is still rather scarce and mostly limited to the military experience of the Russians [14].…”