Oxidation of SO2 in droplets which contain soot particles

Benner, W. Henry; Brodzinsky, R.; Novakov, T.

doi:10.1016/0004-6981(82)90054-3

Cited by 47 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Several studies have suggested that EC can serve as a catalyst for the oxidation of SO, to SOY-in solution (Benner et al, 1982;Chang et al, 1981). Benner et al (1982) indicated a maximum conversion of 8 pg SOY-per gram of EC per second.…”

Section: Elemental Carbon As Catalystmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Benner et al (1982) indicated a maximum conversion of 8 pg SOY-per gram of EC per second. Using a liquid water content of 1 g/m3 and an average wintertime SO, concentration of 23 pg/m3 as measured in Warren (Dasch and Cadle, 1986) during precipitation for two cases: (1) using the average EC concentration of 160 pg/L found in precipitation and (2) using the maximum measured concentration of 5700 p g/L.…”

Section: Elemental Carbon As Catalystmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Atmospheric Carbon Particles in the Detroit Urban Area: Wintertime Sources and Sinks

Dasch

Cadle

1989

Aerosol Science and Technology

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The sources and sinks of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) were studied in the Detroit area during the 1983-1984 and 1984-1985 winters. Based on fuel usage and emission estimates, the largest carbon source was residential wood burning, which contributed 60% of OC emissions and 49% of EC emissions. Diesel vehicles contributed another 6% of OC emissions and 2% of EC emissions. Commercial and residential coal burning also contributed 27% of OC and 13% of EC. The sinks of atmospheric carbon were determined by measuring the carbon content of atmospheric particles, wet deposition and dry deposition. Carbon levels in air particles averaged 5.6 p g / d OC and 2.2 pg/d EC.Precipitation concentrations averaged 760 pg/L OC and 160 pg/L EC. The OC/EC ratio was higher in precipitation (4.7) than in ambient particles (2.5), indicating that a high OC/EC ratio increases the hygroscopicity of the particles, and hence, their removal by precipitation. Based on the known oxidation rate, insufficient EC is available in the atmosphere to significantly catalyze the oxidation of SO2 to sulfuric acid.

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Section: Elemental Carbon As Catalystmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Elemental Carbon As Catalystmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Carbon Particles in the Detroit Urban Area: Wintertime Sources and Sinks

Dasch

Cadle

1989

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…This process is also accelerated in the presence of some transition and other elements (e.g. Fe, V, Cr, Ni, Pb) and also as a result of their high specifi c surface area (Urone et al 1968, Benner et al 1982. These particles have the ability to anucleate in a humid environment and precipitate CaSO 4 , that can hydrate/dehydrate depending upon fluctuations in environmental temperature and relative humidity (see Goudie and Viles 1997, chapter 3, for a discussion) (Del Monte et al 1984, Del Monte andLefevre 1998).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface modification of a granite building stone in central Rio de Janeiro

Baptista-Neto

Smith

McAllister

et al. 2006

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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In order to evaluate environmental controls on the soiling formation and decay of building stones a set of mapping and physical and chemical analyses were carried out on granite from a historical church in the polluted centre of Rio de Janeiro. These techniques highlight the increasing of threatening damage on generally perceived as a durable building material, caused by granular disaggregation and contour scaling in areas close to ground level. Mapping also indicated the formation of black crusts over entire building façades, concentrated on areas sheltered from rain-wash. Analyses demonstrated the influence of marine aerosols, rock and mortar composition and mostly of the atmospheric pollutants on the decay and soiling of the granite. Much of the decay is associated specifi cally with the presence of halite (NaCl) and gypsum (CaS0 4 .2H 2 O). The fact that black, gypsum crusts are able to develop over entire façades in a humid subtropical environment is testimony to the high levels of local pollution, especially particulate deposition. Reduced rainwash, in sheltered micro-environments of narrow, canyon-like streets, overcomes the gypsum tendency to be washed away from buildings façades. These observations further highlight that decay processes are primarily controlled by microclimatic conditions.

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“…Carbonaceous particles are not only the cause of the black colour of the patinas that mar the appearance of monuments and buildings [12], but it has also been demonstrated that they play an active role in calcite sulphation, because of their sulphur content and the presence of heavy metals, which trigger the said process [13]. Moreover, due to their high specific surface (10-100 m 2 /g), they themselves act as a catalytic support in deterioration reactions [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of atmospheric particle monitoring in the protection of cultural heritage

Ozga

Ghedini

Bonazza

et al. 2009

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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It is now well known that air pollution is responsible for the accelerated damage encountered on cultural heritage located outdoors. Although several works on atmospheric pollutants have been performed, studies of atmospheric pollutant monitoring close to monuments remain rare. In addition, the few cases reported in the literature mostly regard indoor environments. As the protection and conservation of monuments and historic buildings constitutes a priority for each country, knowledge of particle composition near monuments over time is an important issue in conservation strategies. For this reason, the atmosphere in proximity of the Florence Baptistery, located in the city centre, was continuously monitored during 2003 and 2004 by means of aerosol sampling performed close to two of the three doors of the monument. In particular, the monitoring was performed close to the North Door, realized by Lorenzo Ghiberti (1403-1424), currently utilized as the entrance to the monument, and the South Door, a masterpiece of Andrea Pisano (1330), employed as the exit for visitors. The sampling sites were characterized by different expositions to road traffic emissions. The non-carbonate carbon and soluble ionic components of the total suspended matter were measured. The data obtained is presented and discussed with the goal of contributing to the formulation of guidelines for a suitable safeguard of the built cultural heritage.

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Oxidation of SO2 in droplets which contain soot particles

Cited by 47 publications

References 20 publications

Atmospheric Carbon Particles in the Detroit Urban Area: Wintertime Sources and Sinks

Atmospheric Carbon Particles in the Detroit Urban Area: Wintertime Sources and Sinks

Surface modification of a granite building stone in central Rio de Janeiro

The importance of atmospheric particle monitoring in the protection of cultural heritage

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