Oxidation of phenolic compounds during autothermal pyrolysis of lignocellulose

Peterson, Chad A.; Lindstrom, Jake K.; Polin, Joseph P.; Cady, Sarah D.; Brown, Robert C.

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2020.104853

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…An example is autothermal pyrolysis, which proceeds effectively despite its poorly understood oxidation chemistry. 81 Considering the complexities involved, a certain degree of fortuity can be assigned to its successful operation, which also suggests that the process is far from optimized. The field is certain to benefit from a rational approach to the design of directly coupled autothermal chemical processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process Intensification through Directly Coupled Autothermal Operation of Chemical Reactors

Brown

2020

Joule

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process Intensification through Directly Coupled Autothermal Operation of Chemical Reactors

Brown

2020

Joule

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“…For example, liquid–liquid extraction of sugars from the heavy ends as currently practiced in our laboratory appears to produce raw syrup saturated with partially water-soluble phenolic monomers . Use of a nonpolar solvent, such as toluene, to extract phenolic monomers ahead of sugar recovery might reduce their burden on downstream sugar purification . Liquid–liquid extraction of sugars might also be optimized through control of temperature, mixing rate, and extraction time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nature of the oxidation of phenolic oligomers was investigated by subjecting the toluene-insoluble phenolic compounds to nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. 42 31 P NMR revealed decreases in phenolic hydroxyl groups (C 5substituted, guaiacyl phenolic, catechol type, and p-hydroxylphenyl). We observed no increase in carboxylic acid functionality for phenolic oligomers produced under autothermal pyrolysis, while 13 C NMR revealed a large increase in aromatic carbonyls (see Table 3).…”

Section: ■ Autothermal Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nature of the oxidation of phenolic oligomers was investigated by subjecting the toluene-insoluble phenolic compounds to nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis …”

Section: Autothermal Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…57 Use of a nonpolar solvent, such as toluene, to extract phenolic monomers ahead of sugar recovery might reduce their burden on downstream sugar purification. 121 Liquid−liquid extraction of sugars might also be optimized through control of temperature, mixing rate, and extraction time. The use of resins to purify the raw syrup could also be optimized, because work to date has employed single passes through resin columns.…”

Section: ■ Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heterodoxy in Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass

Brown

2020

Energy Fuels

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As the field of fast pyrolysis has matured, it has been accompanied by a kind of orthodoxy in its practice. Among these orthodoxies are the following: (1) oxygen should be excluded from the pyrolysis process; (2) little sugar is produced during pyrolysis; and (3) the major product of pyrolysis is a low-value emulsion in water. Adherence to these tenets is an impediment to the commercial development of fast pyrolysis. Over the past 15 years, research at Iowa State University’s Bioeconomy Institute has challenged these tenets with what might be called heterodoxy in the science and engineering of fast pyrolysis: adding oxygen, producing sugars, and fractionating bio-oil into valorized products. This paper reviews these new approaches to pyrolysis and concludes with an outlook for further developing them.

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Materials, fuels, upgrading, economy, and life cycle assessment of the pyrolysis of algal and lignocellulosic biomass: a review

et al. 2023

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Climate change issues are calling for advanced methods to produce materials and fuels in a carbon–neutral and circular way. For instance, biomass pyrolysis has been intensely investigated during the last years. Here we review the pyrolysis of algal and lignocellulosic biomass with focus on pyrolysis products and mechanisms, oil upgrading, combining pyrolysis and anaerobic digestion, economy, and life cycle assessment. Products include oil, gas, and biochar. Upgrading techniques comprise hot vapor filtration, solvent addition, emulsification, esterification and transesterification, hydrotreatment, steam reforming, and the use of supercritical fluids. We examined the economic viability in terms of profitability, internal rate of return, return on investment, carbon removal service, product pricing, and net present value. We also reviewed 20 recent studies of life cycle assessment. We found that the pyrolysis method highly influenced product yield, ranging from 9.07 to 40.59% for oil, from 10.1 to 41.25% for biochar, and from 11.93 to 28.16% for syngas. Feedstock type, pyrolytic temperature, heating rate, and reaction retention time were the main factors controlling the distribution of pyrolysis products. Pyrolysis mechanisms include bond breaking, cracking, polymerization and re-polymerization, and fragmentation. Biochar from residual forestry could sequester 2.74 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent per ton biochar when applied to the soil and has thus the potential to remove 0.2–2.75 gigatons of atmospheric carbon dioxide annually. The generation of biochar and bio-oil from the pyrolysis process is estimated to be economically feasible.

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Oxidation of phenolic compounds during autothermal pyrolysis of lignocellulose

Cited by 19 publications

References 45 publications

Process Intensification through Directly Coupled Autothermal Operation of Chemical Reactors

Process Intensification through Directly Coupled Autothermal Operation of Chemical Reactors

Heterodoxy in Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass

Materials, fuels, upgrading, economy, and life cycle assessment of the pyrolysis of algal and lignocellulosic biomass: a review

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