Oxidation of p-Cresol by Ozonation

Abstract

Oxidation of p-Cresol was investigated by using ozonation process. The aim of this research is to assess the effectiveness of ozonation on oxidation of micropollutant such as p-Cresol. Ozonation performance was evaluated based on p-Cresol concentration reduction and chemical oxidation demand (COD) reduction. It was found ozonation at pH11 achieved the highest p-Cresol degradation, with 95.8% of p-Cresol reduced and 96.0% of COD reduced, for an initial 50 mgL -1 of p-Cresol. The degradation of p-Cresol could be expressed by second-order of kinetic model. The second-order rate constant k increases as the initial pH increased, but decreases with the increasing of initial p-Cresol concentrations. Besides, the absorption spectra of p-Cresol over ozonation time were analyzed by spectrophotometry. The evolution of absorption spectra of p-Cresol degradation suggests that the oxidation of p-Cresol follows three stages mechanisms with cycloaddition as the first step to produce aromatic intermediates followed by ring-opening reactions, degradation of the intermediates, and subsequently achieved mineralization. ABSTRAKPengoksidaan p-Cresol dikaji dengan menggunakan proses pengozonan. Tujuan penyelidikan ini adalah untuk menilai keberkesanan pengozonan terhadap pengoksidaan pencemar mikro seperti p-Cresol. Prestasi pengozonan dinilai berdasarkan pengurangan kepekatan p-Cresol dan pengurangan permintaan oksigen kimia (COD). Didapati pengozonan pada pH11 mencapai kemerosotan p-Cresol tertinggi dengan 95.8% p-Cresol dikurangkan dan 96.0% COD dikurangkan, untuk awalan 50 mgL -1 p-Cresol pada suhu bilik. Degradasi p-Cresol boleh dinyatakan oleh model kedua kinetik. Pesanan laju pesanan kedua k meningkat apabila pH awal meningkat, tetapi berkurangan dengan peningkatan kepekatan p-Cresol awal. Selain itu, spektrum penyerapan p-Cresol ke atas masa pengozonan dianalisis spektrofotometri. Evolusi spektrum penyerapan degradasi p-Cresol menunjukkan bahawa pengoksidaan p-Cresol mengikuti tiga peringkat mekanisme dengan pensiklotambahan sebagai langkah pertama untuk menghasilkan perantara aromatik diikuti oleh reaksi pembukaan cincin, kemerosotan perantaraan dan seterusnya pemineralan.

Role of White Rot Fungi in Industrial Wastewater Treatment: A Review

“…The pollutants may be organic compounds, heavy metals, textile dyes, and any other persistent chemicals of environmental concern [7]. When these diverse pollutants are discharged into the environment, like in natural water bodies, they cause water pollution, which ultimately poses serious risks to aquatic life and public health [8][9][10].…”

“…2023, 13, 8318 2 of 20 conventional methods have been proven over time and again to be very effective in treating commonly occurring environmental pollutants, these methods are not effective in degrading industrial pollutants of a complex and recalcitrant nature, such as aromatic dyes and heavy metals. Apart from this bottleneck, these conventional methods produce a wide range of secondary pollutants during the process of degradation that are harmful to the environment [9].…”