Soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO) is a three-component enzyme that catalyses dioxygen-and NAD(P)Hdependent oxygenation of methane and numerous other substrates. Oxygenation occurs at the binuclear iron active centre in the hydroxylase component (MMOH), to which electrons are passed from NAD(P)H via the reductase component (MMOR), along a pathway that is facilitated and controlled by the third component, protein B (MMOB). We previously demonstrated that electrons could be passed to MMOH from a hexapeptide-modified gold electrode and thus cyclic voltammetry could be used to measure the redox potentials of the MMOH active site. Here we have shown that the reduction current is enhanced by the presence of catalase or if the reaction is performed in a flow-cell, probably because oxygen is reduced to hydrogen peroxide, by MMOH at the electrode surface and the hydrogen peroxide then inactivates the enzyme unless removed by catalase or a continuous flow of solution. Hydrogen peroxide production appears to be inhibited by MMOB, suggesting that MMOB is controlling the flow of electrons to MMOH as it does in the presence of MMOR and NAD(P)H. Most importantly, in the presence of MMOB and catalase, the electrode-associated MMOH oxygenates acetonitrile to cyanoaldehyde and methane to methanol. Thus the electochemically driven sMMO showed the same catalytic activity and regulation by MMOB as the natural NAD(P)H-driven reaction and may have the potential for development into an economic, NAD(P)H-independent oxygenation catalyst. The significance of the production of hydrogen peroxide, which is not usually observed with the NAD(P)H-driven system, is also discussed.Keywords: electrochemical oxygenation; regulatory protein; soluble methane monooxygenase.Soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO) catalyses the bacterial oxidation of methane to methanol using NAD(P)H as cofactor [1]. sMMO consists of three components: the hydroxylase (MMOH), the reductase (MMOR) and a regulatory protein (known as MMOB or protein B). The active site of the enzyme is located on the a subunit of MMOH and consists of a binuclear iron species located in a hydrophobic pocket approximately 12 Å beneath the protein surface [2]. MMOH, which has an (abc) 2 quaternary structure, interacts with the MMOR component from which it receives reductant to drive the reaction [3]:The regulatory protein (MMOB) plays several roles in the catalytic process including modulating the rate of electron transfer between MMOR and MMOH [4,5], altering the redox potential of the binuclear iron site [6], optimizing the interaction between MMOR and MMOH [7], controlling the access of large substrates to the active site [8] and affecting the regioselectivity of substrate oxygenation [9,10]. The 15.9-kDa MMOB also exists in a naturally occurring truncated form in which 12 amino acids are lost from the N-terminus. This truncated form (MMOB tru ) is completely inactive within the sMMO complex [11]. The sMMO reaction can also be driven using hydrogen peroxide via the peroxide shunt reaction [...