Oxidation of Levitated <i>exo</i>-Tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene Droplets Doped with Aluminum Nanoparticles

Lucas, Michael; Brotton, Stephen J.; Min, Ahreum; Pantoya, Michelle L.; Kaiser, Ralf I.

doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02241

Cited by 22 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The final products of the oxidation of JP-10, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), and water (H 2 O) were detected by the FTIR measurements. The observed band/peaks of the vibrational modes of CO 2 , ,, H 2 O, and unreacted JP-10 exhibited a close agreement with the published literature. The FTIR transmission spectra of the oxidation products of all four systems revealed similar features, so the FTIR spectra of the remaining three systems are presented in the Supporting Information (Figures S3–S5, Tables S3–S5).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…were not caused by heat, but the emissions of the intermediates and products were the result of electronically excited states formed through chemical reactions (chemiluminescence). In Figure 7, UV−vis emission spectra of zeolite-Al-JP-10 systems (systems b and d) did not show any significant peaks for the dominating diatomic species (AlO) formed in the oxidation of aluminum; 47,48 thus, all four zeolite systems (systems a−d) behaved similar to each other. The absence of AlO peaks in the zeolite-Al-JP-10 systems could be due to two reasons.…”

Section: The Journal Ofmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…67 It is also noted that the UV−vis emission spectra of the zeolite-Al-JP-10 droplets did not show any significant peaks for aluminum monoxide (AlO)the dominating diatomic species formed in the oxidation of aluminum. 47,48 This could be due to the lower flame temperatures observed for the zeolite-Al-JP-10 samples (2200 K) versus 2690 K for systems without the zeolites, 47 thus eliminating any chemiluminescence of AlO. The spectral comparison of the UV−vis reflectance spectra are compiled in the Supporting Information (Figures S1 and S2).…”

Section: Uv−vis Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One is the lower flame temperatures observed for the zeolite-Al-JP-10 samples (2200 K) versus 2690 K for systems without the zeolites. 47,48 The lower flame temperatures in zeolite-Al-JP-10 samples are possibly due to the deactivation of the zeolite catalyst by coke formation and dealumination processes during the decomposition and oxidation of JP-10. An alternative possibility could be the involvement of AlO in the dealumination process of the zeolite framework to slow down the dealumination rate at higher temperatures (Figure 5b).…”

Section: The Journal Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This necessitates the next generation of high-energy-density fuel and of high-energy-density fuel additives, ultimately enhancing the performance and range of air-breathing propulsion systems. Aluminum nanopowder (Al NP) high-energy-density fuel additives hold promising applications in air breathing engine applications. − Having high energy density (84 kJ cm –3 ) and higher surface-area-to-volume ratio, aluminum nanoparticles significantly improve the JP-10 ignition delay, increase the maximum flame temperatures, and reveal a rapid burning rate of JP-10. ,,− However, there is currently an incomplete understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in the decomposition and oxidation of metal-doped JP-10-based fuel, in particular, in the presence of zeolites. To our best knowledge, no experimental work has been conducted on the oxidation of Al NPs in the presence of JP-10 over HZSM-5 catalysts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catalytic Effects of Zeolite Socony Mobil-5 (ZSM-5) on the Oxidation of Acoustically Levitated exo-Tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene (JP-10) Droplets

et al. 2021

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Jet propulsion 10 (JP-10) droplets with and without aluminum nanoparticles in conjunction with HZSM-5 zeolite and surfactants were ultrasonically levitated, and their oxidation processes were explored to identify how the oxidation process of JP-10 is catalytically affected by the HZSM-5 zeolites and how the surfactant and Al NPs in the system impacted the key experimental parameters of the ignition such as ignition delay time, burn rate, and the maximum temperatures. Singly levitated droplets were ignited using a carbon dioxide laser under an oxygen−argon atmosphere. Pure JP-10 droplets and JP-10 droplets with silicon dioxide of an identical size distribution as the zeolite HZSM-5 did not ignite in strong contrast to HZSM-5-doped droplets. Acidic sites were found to be critical in the ignition of the JP-10. With the addition of the surfactant, the characteristic features of the JP-10 ignition were improved, so the ignition delay time of the zeolite-JP-10 samples were decreased by 2−3 ms and the burn rates were increased by 1.3 to 1.6 × 10 5 K s −1 . The addition of Al NPs increased the maximum temperatures during the combustion of the systems by 300−400 K. Intermediates and end products of the JP-10 oxidation over HZSM-5 were characterized by UV−vis emission and Fourier-transform infrared transmission spectroscopies, revealing key reactive intermediates (OH, CH, C 2 , O 2 , and HCO) along with the H 2 O molecules in highly excited rovibrational states. Overall, this work revealed that acetic sites in HZSM-5 are critical in the catalytic ignition of JP-10 droplets with the addition of the surfactant and Al NPs, enhancing the oxidation process of JP-10 over HZSM-5 zeolites.

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