“…39 Corresponding metal ion toxicity of ZnO and CuO nanoparticles has already been characterized. 40,41 In this direction, several authors have shown the significant toxicity of the metal oxide nanoparticles ZnO and CuO to aquatic organisms. The acute toxicity of ZnO nanoparticles (L(E)C 50 : 0.05–1000 mg l −1 ) and CuO nanoparticles (E(L)C 50 : 0.05–569 mg l −1 ) was already documented for bacteria, algae, protozoa, nematoda, crustacea, and fish.…”