Oxidation of ammonia using immobilised FeCu for water treatment

Chan, Mieow Kee; Abdullah, Noorul Hudai; Rageh, E.H.A.; Kumaran, P.; Tee, Yi Shen

doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117612

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…This is because a higher amount of eFeCu4 in eFC165 compared to eFC33 provided more active nano‐FeCu for ammonia to nitrogen gas conversion. According to the previous work, [ 16 ] the ammonia removal mechanism could be explained as follows:

{NH}_{4} Cl + {normalH}_{2} O \to {normalH}_{3} {normalO}^{+} + {NH}_{3} + {Cl}^{-}

2 {NH}_{3} + 4 {normalO}_{2} \to {NO}_{2}^{-} + {NO}_{3}^{-} + 3 {normalH}_{2} O

{Fe}^{0} + {Cu}^{2 +} \to {Fe}^{2 +} + {Cu}^{0}

5 {Fe}^{0} + 2 {NO}_{3}^{-} + 6 {normalH}_{2} O \to 5 {Fe}^{2 +} + {normalN}_{2} + 12 {OH}^{-}

10 {Fe}^{0} + 6 {NO}_{3}^{-} + 3 {normalH}_{2} O \to 5 {Fe}_{2} {normalO}_{3} + 6 {OH}^{-} + 3 {normalN}_{2}

2 {NO}_{2}^{-} + 8 {normalH}^{+} + 6 e \to {normalN}_{2} + 4 {normalH}_{2} O

It is notable that the selectivity of Equation () was very low without the presence of FeCu. Under a vigorous stirring condition, only a small...…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cellulose membrane was doped with silver nanoparticles to treat domestic wastewater in Argentina by Gagneten et al [ 15 ] The result showed that the filtration process successfully removed 78.5% of ammonia, 6.2% of nitrates, and 97.6% of nitrite. The use of nanoFeCu to remove ammonia was first published by Chan et al [ 16 ] where the oxidation process removed ammonia. This technique produces nitrogen gas as the end product, which is safe to release into the environment, and no additional treatment is required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Embedded nanoFeCu for sewage treatment: Laboratory‐scale and pilot studies

et al. 2022

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Bimetallic nanoparticles have been widely studied for wastewater treatment, but the study of nanoFeCu for sewage treatment is minimal. In the previous work, ammonia was removed by nanoFeCu via an oxidation reaction, and nitrogen gas was released. However, the performance and reusability of nanoFeCu in treating industrial wastewater have not been reported elsewhere. This study revealed the performance of nanoFeCu for sewage treatment on both laboratory‐scale and pilot‐scale for the first time. A varied mass of embedded nanoFeCu (eFeCu4) was exposed to sewage water, and the quality of the effluent was measured in terms of ammonia, biological oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal. Fe2+ and Cu2+ concentrations were measured to determine the stability of eFeCu4 in nine reuse cycles. Results showed that the laboratory‐scale experiment removed 20%–30% ammonia from sewage. A similar removal rate was reported in all nine cycles of reuse, which confirmed the usability and reliability of eFeCu4. In the pilot‐scale study, ammonia was removed from ~22.3 to ~4.8 mg/L, while BOD and COD were reduced from ~204 to ~56 mg/L and ~71 to ~39.7 mg/L, respectively. The treated effluent quality complies with the effluent discharge standard of Malaysia, and it is also comparable with the effluent quality at sewage treatment plants in Malaysia and overseas. In conclusion, nanoFeCu could be an alternative method for sewage treatment due to its stability and pollutant removal performance. A sustainability and cost‐effectiveness study should be conducted to determine the feasibility of a full‐scale application.

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{NH}_{4} Cl + {normalH}_{2} O \to {normalH}_{3} {normalO}^{+} + {NH}_{3} + {Cl}^{-}

2 {NH}_{3} + 4 {normalO}_{2} \to {NO}_{2}^{-} + {NO}_{3}^{-} + 3 {normalH}_{2} O

{Fe}^{0} + {Cu}^{2 +} \to {Fe}^{2 +} + {Cu}^{0}

5 {Fe}^{0} + 2 {NO}_{3}^{-} + 6 {normalH}_{2} O \to 5 {Fe}^{2 +} + {normalN}_{2} + 12 {OH}^{-}

10 {Fe}^{0} + 6 {NO}_{3}^{-} + 3 {normalH}_{2} O \to 5 {Fe}_{2} {normalO}_{3} + 6 {OH}^{-} + 3 {normalN}_{2}

2 {NO}_{2}^{-} + 8 {normalH}^{+} + 6 e \to {normalN}_{2} + 4 {normalH}_{2} O

It is notable that the selectivity of Equation () was very low without the presence of FeCu. Under a vigorous stirring condition, only a small...…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embedded nanoFeCu for sewage treatment: Laboratory‐scale and pilot studies

et al. 2022

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“…The presence of Cu also enables Fe to remove nitrate well at neutral pH, as without Cu, Fe was good for nitrate removal at pH 2 [19]. Iron and copper nanoparticles played a crucial role which was effective in the contaminant removal including ammoniacal nitrogen [20,21], heavy metals [22], and organic compounds [23,24] from the aquatic environment such as lentic, lotic, and wetlands. The nanoparticle's properties over the use of just one metal (monometallic) have proven to be improved through the construction of bimetallic nanoparticles consisting of two distinct metals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The application of machine learning in nanoparticle treated water: A review

et al. 2023

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Pollution from industrial effluents and domestic waste are two of the most common sources of environmental pollutants. Due to the rising population and manufacturing industries, large amounts of pollutants were produced daily. Therefore, enhancements in wastewater treatment to render treated wastewater and provide effective solutions are essential to return clean and safe water to be reused in the industrial, agricultural, and domestic sectors. Nanotechnology has been proven as an alternative approach to overcoming the existing water pollution issue. Nanoparticles exhibit high aspect ratios, large pore volumes, electrostatic properties, and high specific surfaces, which explains their efficiency in removing pollutants such as dyes, pesticides, heavy metals, oxygen-demanding wastes, and synthetic organic chemicals. Machine learning (ML) is a powerful tool to conduct the model and prediction of the adverse biological and environmental effects of nanoparticles in wastewater treatment. In this review, the application of ML in nanoparticle-treated water on different pollutants has been studied and it was discovered that the removal of the pollutants could be predicted through the mathematical approach which included ML. Further comparison of ML method can be carried out to assess the prediction performance of ML methods on pollutants removal. Moreover, future studies regarding the nanotoxicity, synthesis process, and reusability of nanoparticles are also necessary to take into consideration to safeguard the environment.

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“…Moreover, since heavy metals in dye wastewater are not biodegradable, they can continue to be taken in through the food chain to accumulate in human bodies, which leads to diseases such as diarrhea, cholera, dysentery, typhoid, and polio [6]. The high content of organic matter in water, such as urea, is often derived from various processes of printing and dyeing, which increase the content of total phosphorus and nitrogen in wastewater and leads to water eutrophication [7][8][9]. If the dye wastewater is discharged directly without treatment, it will pose a great threat to the increasingly limited source of drinking water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbene Ligand-Doped Fe2O3 Composite for Rapid Removal of Multiple Dyes under Sunlight

et al. 2021

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Contaminated water due to industrial organic dyes presents a significant challenge to sustainability. As a material of green energy, photocatalysts offer an effective and environmentally friendly way to deal with organic dyes for water treatment. A series of simple and highly efficient iron photocatalysts with carbene ligands were developed, which, under the illumination of sunlight, can rapidly degrade multiple organic dyes in water at room temperature, including rhodamine B (RhB), indigo carmine (IC), methyl blue (MB), and congo red (CR). The field-only surface integral method was carried out to determine the absorption spectrum of photocatalyst particles. Under the optimized experimental conditions which were selected by the orthogonal experiments for four dyes, 0.5a@Fe2O3 and 2c@Fe2O3 demonstrated good stability and photocatalytic activity. These two composite materials not only have the ability to remove 98.0% of the degradation in 10 s, but also maintain high reactivity after a few cycles of repeated use.

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Oxidation of ammonia using immobilised FeCu for water treatment

Cited by 15 publications

References 41 publications

Embedded nanoFeCu for sewage treatment: Laboratory‐scale and pilot studies

Embedded nanoFeCu for sewage treatment: Laboratory‐scale and pilot studies

The application of machine learning in nanoparticle treated water: A review

Carbene Ligand-Doped Fe2O3 Composite for Rapid Removal of Multiple Dyes under Sunlight

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